NYSTCE: Educating All Students (EAS) Exam questions and answers 2023

NYSTCE: Educating All Students (EAS) Exam questions and answers 2023Behaviorism people's actions are driven by a need to gain rewards or avoid punishments. Reinforcement meant to increase a good behavior; a reward Punishment meant to decrease bad behavior Positive reinforcement involves giving someone something that he or she wants Negative reinforcement taking away something that someone does not want Positive punishment involves giving someone something that he or she does not want Negative punishment involves taking away something that someone does want Extinction decreases the chances of a response to something by withdrawing reinforcement of the behavior; like a reset button Constructivism a philosophy of education that says that people construct knowledge through their experiences and interactions with the world Social learning learning through interactions with other people Vyogtsky's Zone of Proximal Development people learn best from other people who are just a little ahead of them Project-based learning (PBL) focuses on giving an open-ended question and complex problem to a group of students and having them figure out the best solution to the problem 4 Steps to PBL 1. Learners are presented with a problem; 2. group develop theories to explain the problem; 3. Learners work independently to come up with solutions; 4. Regroup to compare solutions and develop a plan. Critical Theory a philosophy that involves being critical of the prevailing view of society Critical theory in education is about questioning how our educational system can best offer education to all people Problems with access to technology poorer schools can have a harder time getting technology in the hands of their students; poor students have lower technological fluency than middle- and upper-class students. Humanism a branch of psychology related to the theories Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, has at its core the idea that people want to grow and fulfill their ultimate potential.