CNY1501 - Examination Questions Page 1 of 184
1. OCT/NOV 2019
Question 1
Various general factors are perceived as risks that contribute to criminal behaviour Which of the
following options relates to problems with prison sentences?
(1) The number of offenders receiving prison sentences is increasing, the government is in
control of the crime situation, and the percentage of offenders sentenced, reflects the
serious crime rate in South Africa
(2) Discrimination of sentences and imprisonment occur on a racial basis, the number of
offenders receiving sentences is increasing, and parole is not a privilege for all offenders
(3) A small percentage of cases progress to trial and imprisonment sentences, people are taking
the law into their own hands, and discrimination of sentences and imprisonment occur on a
racial bass
(4) Discrimination occurs with the arrest of alleged perpetrators on a racial basis, the number of
offenders receiving sentences is increasing, and parole is not a privilege for all offenders
Option X- Section
Question 2
When referring to a 'good theory', evidence of validity refers to
(1) Contradiction of ideas
(5) Predictions made from research findings
(6) Facts fitting together harmoniously to guide policy implications
(7) Generalisation of ideas
Option 2- Section 4.3.4.2, page 181
Question 3
The classification of crime in South Africa consists of 35 categories and is linked to
(1) Official crime statistics
(2) Crime trends
(3) The dark figure of crime
(4) The code of crime list
Option 4- Section 2.1.2, page 45
Question 4
Emotions consist of four components and include
(1) feelings, body arousal, a sense of purpose and social expression
(2) aspirations, social expression, a sense of purpose and feelings
(3) a need for achievement, a sense of purpose and a sense of belonging
(4) a sense of belonging, body arousal, aspirations and social expression
Option 1 - Section 3.2.3.1, page 93
,CNY1501 - Examination Questions Page 2 of 184
Question 5
Limited empathy and impulsiveness are linked to criminal behaviour and are perceived as
__________and __________ factors
(1) individual, physical
(2) genetic, heredity
(3) physical, biological
(4) biological, personal
Option 2 - Section 3.3.3.1, page 113
Question 6
Continuous contact and association with social groups may determine criminal behaviour This
statement refers to
(1) Rational choice
(2) Power-control
(3) Differential association
(4) Social-control
Option 3- Section 3.1.2, page 64
Question 7
Concerning the use of one or more data sources, various computational methods are used to analyse
large data sets This research method refers to
(1) A self-report survey
(2) A victim survey
(3) Data mining
(4) Crime mapping
Option 3 - Section 2.2.0.02, page 70
Question 8
According to _______, both the victim and the offender are ignored, and the social environment
regulates criminal involvement
(1) feminist criminology
(2) the social learning theory
(3) critical criminology
(4) the social milieu school of thought
Option 4 - Section 1.2.9, page 31
,CNY1501 - Examination Questions Page 3 of 184
Question 9
The National Crime Prevention Strategy (NCPS) lists feelings of powerlessness, displacement,
Insecurity, fear and ineptitude as __________ that contribute to crime in South Africa
(1) political culture and violence
(2) socio-psychological factors
(3) political rivalry and crime
(4) vigilantism and revenge
Option 1 - Section 4.2.4.10, page 174
Question 10
The enjoyment of warm relationships to master the environment and to acquire a sense of belonging
and competence, are linked to needs and conditions that are essential for the maintenance of life
(1) psychological
(8) physiological
(9) social
(10)emotional
Option 1 - Section 3.2.3.1, page 92
Question 11
According to _____, the traditional explanations of crime ignore the role of ethnicity, gender and
race
(1) feminist criminology
(2) the neo-classical school of thought
(3) positivistic criminology
(4) the social milieu school of thought
Option 3 - Section 4.1.2, page 137
Question 12
Some offenders weigh the costs and benefits of crime and then the involvement in crime becomes a
decision-making process This statement is Inked to
(1) Social learning
(2) Positivism
(3) Rational choice
(4) Determinism
Option 3 - Section 4.1.4.1, page 148
Question 13
Which one of the following options refers to problems with self-report studies / surveys?
, CNY1501 - Examination Questions Page 4 of 184
(1) The questions predominantly focus on violent and aggressive crimes
(2) The focus is mostly on juvenile delinquency and young offenders
(3) The questions are not topic-focused, and a wide range of questions are asked
(4) It does not measure attitudes toward crime and social variables
Option 2 - Section 2.2.4.3, page 69
Question 14
Research illustrates that involvement in reckless driving, promiscuity, drug use and vandalism are
associated with
(1) low self-control
(2) covert pathways
(3) psychosocial influences on human behaviour
(4) general antisocial behaviour patterns
Option 4 - Section 3.3.4, page 125
Question 15
Classical criminology pronounces that
(1) the laws are not equally applied to all citizens
(11)crime cannot be controlled by the fear of punishment
(12)crime is the result of free will and personal choice
(13)people cannot choose to commit criminal behaviour
Option 3 - Section 1.2.4, page 20 - 21
Question 16
Biochemical factors play an important role in criminal behaviour This statement refers to as a factor
contributing to involvement in criminal behaviour
(1) diet
(2) social functioning
(3) emotional functioning
(4) attitude
Option 1 - Section 4.1.3, page 139
Question 17
The causes of criminal behaviour are Inked to a person's character and personal background This
statement relates to the school of thought
(1) positivist
(2) classical
(3) critical
(4) neo-classical
Option 1 - Section 1.2.6, page 25
Question 18
When a person is labelled as a criminal, the label becomes part of his/her personal identity and it
evokes the behaviour the label signifies This statement is linked to the _________ theory
1. OCT/NOV 2019
Question 1
Various general factors are perceived as risks that contribute to criminal behaviour Which of the
following options relates to problems with prison sentences?
(1) The number of offenders receiving prison sentences is increasing, the government is in
control of the crime situation, and the percentage of offenders sentenced, reflects the
serious crime rate in South Africa
(2) Discrimination of sentences and imprisonment occur on a racial basis, the number of
offenders receiving sentences is increasing, and parole is not a privilege for all offenders
(3) A small percentage of cases progress to trial and imprisonment sentences, people are taking
the law into their own hands, and discrimination of sentences and imprisonment occur on a
racial bass
(4) Discrimination occurs with the arrest of alleged perpetrators on a racial basis, the number of
offenders receiving sentences is increasing, and parole is not a privilege for all offenders
Option X- Section
Question 2
When referring to a 'good theory', evidence of validity refers to
(1) Contradiction of ideas
(5) Predictions made from research findings
(6) Facts fitting together harmoniously to guide policy implications
(7) Generalisation of ideas
Option 2- Section 4.3.4.2, page 181
Question 3
The classification of crime in South Africa consists of 35 categories and is linked to
(1) Official crime statistics
(2) Crime trends
(3) The dark figure of crime
(4) The code of crime list
Option 4- Section 2.1.2, page 45
Question 4
Emotions consist of four components and include
(1) feelings, body arousal, a sense of purpose and social expression
(2) aspirations, social expression, a sense of purpose and feelings
(3) a need for achievement, a sense of purpose and a sense of belonging
(4) a sense of belonging, body arousal, aspirations and social expression
Option 1 - Section 3.2.3.1, page 93
,CNY1501 - Examination Questions Page 2 of 184
Question 5
Limited empathy and impulsiveness are linked to criminal behaviour and are perceived as
__________and __________ factors
(1) individual, physical
(2) genetic, heredity
(3) physical, biological
(4) biological, personal
Option 2 - Section 3.3.3.1, page 113
Question 6
Continuous contact and association with social groups may determine criminal behaviour This
statement refers to
(1) Rational choice
(2) Power-control
(3) Differential association
(4) Social-control
Option 3- Section 3.1.2, page 64
Question 7
Concerning the use of one or more data sources, various computational methods are used to analyse
large data sets This research method refers to
(1) A self-report survey
(2) A victim survey
(3) Data mining
(4) Crime mapping
Option 3 - Section 2.2.0.02, page 70
Question 8
According to _______, both the victim and the offender are ignored, and the social environment
regulates criminal involvement
(1) feminist criminology
(2) the social learning theory
(3) critical criminology
(4) the social milieu school of thought
Option 4 - Section 1.2.9, page 31
,CNY1501 - Examination Questions Page 3 of 184
Question 9
The National Crime Prevention Strategy (NCPS) lists feelings of powerlessness, displacement,
Insecurity, fear and ineptitude as __________ that contribute to crime in South Africa
(1) political culture and violence
(2) socio-psychological factors
(3) political rivalry and crime
(4) vigilantism and revenge
Option 1 - Section 4.2.4.10, page 174
Question 10
The enjoyment of warm relationships to master the environment and to acquire a sense of belonging
and competence, are linked to needs and conditions that are essential for the maintenance of life
(1) psychological
(8) physiological
(9) social
(10)emotional
Option 1 - Section 3.2.3.1, page 92
Question 11
According to _____, the traditional explanations of crime ignore the role of ethnicity, gender and
race
(1) feminist criminology
(2) the neo-classical school of thought
(3) positivistic criminology
(4) the social milieu school of thought
Option 3 - Section 4.1.2, page 137
Question 12
Some offenders weigh the costs and benefits of crime and then the involvement in crime becomes a
decision-making process This statement is Inked to
(1) Social learning
(2) Positivism
(3) Rational choice
(4) Determinism
Option 3 - Section 4.1.4.1, page 148
Question 13
Which one of the following options refers to problems with self-report studies / surveys?
, CNY1501 - Examination Questions Page 4 of 184
(1) The questions predominantly focus on violent and aggressive crimes
(2) The focus is mostly on juvenile delinquency and young offenders
(3) The questions are not topic-focused, and a wide range of questions are asked
(4) It does not measure attitudes toward crime and social variables
Option 2 - Section 2.2.4.3, page 69
Question 14
Research illustrates that involvement in reckless driving, promiscuity, drug use and vandalism are
associated with
(1) low self-control
(2) covert pathways
(3) psychosocial influences on human behaviour
(4) general antisocial behaviour patterns
Option 4 - Section 3.3.4, page 125
Question 15
Classical criminology pronounces that
(1) the laws are not equally applied to all citizens
(11)crime cannot be controlled by the fear of punishment
(12)crime is the result of free will and personal choice
(13)people cannot choose to commit criminal behaviour
Option 3 - Section 1.2.4, page 20 - 21
Question 16
Biochemical factors play an important role in criminal behaviour This statement refers to as a factor
contributing to involvement in criminal behaviour
(1) diet
(2) social functioning
(3) emotional functioning
(4) attitude
Option 1 - Section 4.1.3, page 139
Question 17
The causes of criminal behaviour are Inked to a person's character and personal background This
statement relates to the school of thought
(1) positivist
(2) classical
(3) critical
(4) neo-classical
Option 1 - Section 1.2.6, page 25
Question 18
When a person is labelled as a criminal, the label becomes part of his/her personal identity and it
evokes the behaviour the label signifies This statement is linked to the _________ theory
