Understanding Pathophysiology Chapter 1 Lecture (with complete solutions)

Movement, Conductivity, Metabolic Absorption, Secretion, Excretion, Respiration, Reproduction, (and) Communication correct answers What are the 8 Cellular functions? Movement correct answers Muscle cells can generate forces that produce motion. Muscles that are attached to bones produce limb movements, whereas those muscles that enclose hollow tubes or cavities move or empty contents when they contract (e.g., the colon). Conductivity correct answers Conduction as a response to a stimulus is manifested by a wave of excitation, an electrical potential that passes along the surface of the cell to reach its other parts. Conductivity is the chief function of nerve cells. Metabolic Absorption correct answers All cells can take in and use nutrients and other substances from their surroundings. Secretion correct answers Certain cells, such as mucous gland cells, can synthesize new substances from substances they absorb and then secrete the new substances to serve as needed elsewhere. Excretion correct answers All cells can rid themselves of waste products resulting from the metabolic breakdown of nutrients. Membrane-bound sacs (lysosomes) within cells contain enzymes that break down, or digest, large molecules, turning them into waste products that are released from the cell. Respiration correct answers Cells absorb oxygen, which is used to transform nutrients into energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration, or oxidation, occurs in organelles called mitochondria. Reproduction correct answers Tissue growth occurs as cells enlarge and reproduce themselves. Even without growth, tissue maintenance requires that new cells be produced to replace cells that are lost normally through cellular death. Not all cells are capable of continuous division (see Chapter 4). Communication correct answers Communication is vital for cells to survive as a society of cells. Appropriate communication allows the maintenance of a dynamic steady state. Eukayrotic cells correct answers Consists of plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and intracellular organelles