NBME Review, UWorld Review (1875 Questions with 100% Correct Answers) 181 Pages with COMPLETE SOLUTION

What can be associated with gastric cancer at the gastroesophageal junction? - H. pylori What is esophagitis with linear ulcers associated with? - CMV What is esophagitis with "punched-out" ulcers associated with? - HSV-1 What is esophagitis with white psuedomembrane? - Candida What leads to acetaminophen toxicity? - Reduced glutathione levels Why does reduced glutathione levels lead to acetaminophen toxicity? - Glutathione is not there to bind to glutathione, which leads to a build up of the toxic metabolite, NAPQI Acetaminophen —> NAPQI (toxic) (+ glutathione) —> nontoxic metabolites What protein is important for trafficking proteins to lysosomes? - Mannose 6 phosphate What occurs in the Golgi apparatus during cell trafficking? - Golgi distributes proteins and lipids from ER to vesicles to go to the plasma membrane or lysosomes What happens if there's a defect with mannose 6-phosphate? - The proteins will not be able to go to the lysosomes. They will be secreted extracellularly instead. This is called I cell disease What are physical characteristics caused from a loss in mannose 6 phosphate (I cell disease)? - Coarse facial features, gingival hyperplasia, clouded corneas, restricted joint movements, claw hand deformities, kyphoscoliosis, and high plasma levels of lysosomal enzymes