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samenvatting Basiskennis van Beroep 1B (2e tentamen van 1e semester)

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Dit is een samenvatting van alle hoorcolleges van de 2e module Basiskennis van Beroep (1B). Hierin staat alle stof die je moet kennen voor het tentamen aan het einde van het 1e semester.

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January 15, 2023
Number of pages
79
Written in
2022/2023
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Samenvatting Basiskennis 2e module
Inhoud
Spieren..................................................................................................................................................... 4
skeletspieren ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Hart- en glad spierweefsel................................................................................................................... 7
Anatomie grote spiergroepen: ............................................................................................................ 8
Bewegingsstoornissen ........................................................................................................................... 13
Ziekte van Huntington ....................................................................................................................... 13
Spierdystrofie van Duchenne ............................................................................................................ 14
Spierdystrofie van Becker.................................................................................................................. 15
Aandoeningen van de neuromusculaire overgang ........................................................................... 16
Pijn en pijnrevalidatie ............................................................................................................................ 18
Pijn ..................................................................................................................................................... 18
Behandeling van acute pijn ............................................................................................................... 19
Behandeling van chronische pijn....................................................................................................... 19
Pijninstrumenten ............................................................................................................................... 20
Gevolgen voor de pijn bij de patiënt ................................................................................................. 20
Pijninterventies ................................................................................................................................. 21
Rol van de revalidatieverpleegkundige ............................................................................................. 22
ICF-model .......................................................................................................................................... 22
Verslaving en persoonlijkheidsstoornissen ........................................................................................... 23
Verslaving .......................................................................................................................................... 23
Soorten middelen: ............................................................................................................................. 24
Persoonlijkheidsstoornissen .............................................................................................................. 26
Persoonlijkheidsstoornissen in drie clusters: .................................................................................. 27
Immunologie deel 1............................................................................................................................... 30
Lymfesysteem.................................................................................................................................... 30
Functies van het lymfestelsel: ....................................................................................................... 30
De bouw van het lymfestelsel ....................................................................................................... 31
Lymfopoëse beenmerg .................................................................................................................. 33
Witte bloedcellen: ............................................................................................................................. 34
Neutrofielen: ................................................................................................................................. 34
Eosinofiel: ...................................................................................................................................... 34
Basofielen: ..................................................................................................................................... 34


1

, Lymfocyten: ................................................................................................................................... 35
Monocyten: ................................................................................................................................... 35
Niet-specifieke immuniteit: ............................................................................................................... 35
Ontstekingsreactie: ....................................................................................................................... 36
Microbiologie en infectiepreventie ....................................................................................................... 38
Bacteriën ........................................................................................................................................... 38
Staphylococcus Areus: ....................................................................................................................... 39
Virussen ............................................................................................................................................. 40
Griep/ influenza:................................................................................................................................ 40
Schimmels: ........................................................................................................................................ 41
Behandeling: ...................................................................................................................................... 41
Zenuwstelsel deel 1 ............................................................................................................................... 42
Neuronen: ......................................................................................................................................... 43
Verschillende soorten neuronen: .................................................................................................. 43
Verschillende soorten neuroglia: .................................................................................................. 44
De hersenen: ..................................................................................................................................... 45
Cerebrum:...................................................................................................................................... 45
Diencephalon:................................................................................................................................ 47
Hersenstam ....................................................................................................................................... 48
Cerebellum (kleine hersenen) ........................................................................................................... 48
Limbisch systeem .............................................................................................................................. 49
Neurologische aandoeningen deel 1 ..................................................................................................... 50
Multiple sclerose/ MS ....................................................................................................................... 50
Ziekte van Parkinson ......................................................................................................................... 52
Spinocerebellaire ataxie .................................................................................................................... 53
zenuwstelsel deel 2 ............................................................................................................................... 55
Het ruggenmerg: ............................................................................................................................... 55
Stijgende en dalende banen: ......................................................................................................... 56
Perifere zenuwstelsel (PZS) ............................................................................................................... 58
Hersenzenuwen: ............................................................................................................................ 58
ruggenmergzenuwen: ................................................................................................................... 60
neurologie deel 2................................................................................................................................... 61
Hersentrauma: .................................................................................................................................. 61
Hematoom:........................................................................................................................................ 61
Cerebrale arteriën: ............................................................................................................................ 63
Bloeding CVA (cerebrovasculair accident) ........................................................................................ 64



2

, Niet bloedig CVA of stroke: ............................................................................................................... 64
Behandeling van een CVA: ................................................................................................................ 66
BEFAST: .......................................................................................................................................... 67
Zenuwstelsel deel 3 ............................................................................................................................... 68
Neuronfunctie en actiepotentialen: .................................................................................................. 68
Communicatie tussen neuronen ....................................................................................................... 69
Het autonome zenuwstelsel (AZS) .................................................................................................... 70
neurologie deel 3................................................................................................................................... 72
het perifeer zenuwstelsel .................................................................................................................. 72
Alzheimer dementie .......................................................................................................................... 73
Glioom ............................................................................................................................................... 74




3

, Spieren

Soorten spierweefsel in het kort:
Willekeurige beheersing:
• Skeletspieren
- Het spierstelsel
Onwillekeurige beheersing:
• Hartspier
- Hartwand
• Gladde spieren
- Inwendige organen



skeletspieren

Functies skeletspieren:
• Skeletspieren zijn direct of indirect met de botten verbonden
• Ze hebben 5 functies:
1) Bewegingen van het skelet
➔ Bij spiercontracties: Origo beweegt niet – insertie beweegt naar de origo
2) Behoud van houding en lichaamspositie
3) Steun aan weke delen
4) Beschermen van in- en uitgangen
5) Behoud van lichaamstemperatuur


Soorten spiercontracties:

• Concentrische contractie= de lengte van een spier wordt
korter tijdens de contractie




• Excentrische contractie= de lengte van een spier wordt langer
tijdens de contractie




• Isometrische contractie= de lengte van een spier blijft
constant tijdens een contractie




4
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