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Samenvatting Algemene En Biologische Scheikunde (E04C9a) deel 1

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Samenvatting van de hoofdstukken atoomstructuur van de materie t/m metalen en de ionische verbindingen

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November 21, 2022
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2022/2023
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Inhoudsopgave
De atoomstructuur van de materie............................................................................................2

Atomen en moleculen.............................................................................................................2

De chemische elementen........................................................................................................2

De mol en molaire massa....................................................................................................3

Ionen...................................................................................................................................4

Atoommodellen......................................................................................................................4

Atoommodel van Rutherford..............................................................................................4

Atoommodel van Bohr........................................................................................................5

Golfmechanisch atoommidel..............................................................................................5

De elektronenstructuur van de atomen.................................................................................6

Samenstelling van chemische verbindingen...............................................................................8

Formule, relatieve moleculemassa en molaire massa............................................................8

Formule van een verbinding...............................................................................................8

Relatieve molecuulmassa Mr en molaire massa MM.........................................................8

De metalen en de ionische verbindingen...................................................................................9

De chemische binding.............................................................................................................9

De metaalbinding....................................................................................................................9

De ionische verbinding..........................................................................................................10




1

, DE
ATOOMSTRUCTUUR
VAN DE MATERIE
ATOMEN EN MOLECULEN

Moleculen = kleinste onderdeel van zuivere stof

- Zuivere stof = 1 soort
- Mengsel = verschillende moleculen

Atoom = kleinste chemisch materiedeeltjes en is onderdeel van molecule
Element = soort atoom
Enkelvoudige stof = 1 soort atoom in moleculen (vb. O2, S8)
Samengestelde stof = meerdere soorten atomen in moleculen
(vb H2O, SF6)

Kenmerken van atomen:

- Rond
- Geen lading
- M = 1 – 400 * 10-27kg

Samenstelling atoom = centrale kern met elektronenwolk errond
Protonen = welk atoom (H=1, He=2)
Atoom = neutraal => np=ne
Massa atoom is ongeveer Σ(npmp + nnmn)
Omvang atoom bepaald door omvang elektronenwolk

DE CHEMISCHE ELEMENTEN

Atoomnummer Z = np=ne => geeft het aantal protonen in een kern

- Kernlading in e




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