Short answers
1. Postulates of germ theory:
a) Microorganisms must be found in a diseased but not in healthy individuals.
b) The microorganisms must be cultured from diseased individual.
c) Inoculation of healthy individual with cultured microorganism must cause
some disease.
2. Three venereal diseases:
a) General herpes:
is a sexually transmitted disease caused by herpes simplex
virus. It can cause sores on your genital or rectal areas, Buttocks and thighs.
Virus can spread even when sores are not present.
b) AIDS:
It is a late stage of infection that occurs when body's immune system is
badly damaged because of virus which is spread to sexually transmission. It is
not curable.
c) Gonorrhea:
It is an infection caused by sexually transmitted bacterium that
infect both Male and female. it must often affect urethra, rectum or throat and
cervix in females.
3. Publication of micrographia:
The book organized the biological term “cell”, and it was
published in January 1665.
4. Clinical manifestation of anthrax bacillus:
Nausea, coughing up blood, high fever,
trouble breathing, painful swallowing, mild chest discomfort, flu like symptoms for
few hours or days.
5. Staining methods:
Staining methods other than gram Staining are as follows:
a) Endospore stain
b) Metachromatic stain
c) Capsule stain
d) Acid-fast stain
e) Counter stain
6. Penicillium Notatum:
It is old specie of fungus. It is a source of antibiotic and search
and used before.
Penicillium Chrysogenum:
It is a new species of fungus. It is source of antibiotic only
and used now days.
7. Ingredients found in:
a) Enflor: Contain saccharomyces bouvardia as an active ingredient
which is lyophilized.
b) Biflor: Contain saccharomyces bouvardia with other ingredients Such as
lactose, fructose, anhydrous colloidal silica, tutti fruity flavor.
, c) Hiflor: contain high potency probiotic blend, Lactobacillus casei,
Bifidobacterium songum, streptococcus thermophilus and other including beet root
fibers, pectin, water, silica etc.
8. Pasteurization:
a) It is a process of heating food and then killing the harmful things.
b) it occurs in the presence of oxygen
c) boiling milk free from microbes.
Fermentation:
a) It is a chemical breakdown of substance by microorganisms involving
giving off heat.
b) It occurs in the absence of heat.
c) Yeast gives alcohol and some energy.
9. Clinical manifestation of Listeriosis:
fever and chills, headache, upset stomach, diarrhea,
vomiting, convulsions.
10. Photolytic disinfection:
In this method a designed protein used to attach pathogen of
interest using antibodies, so that when the photocatalysts is exposed to light, it
generates hydrogen peroxide and kills the pathogen.
It can kill a wild range of organisms including gram positive and gram negative.
Titanium dioxide can be used instead of hydrogen peroxide.
11. Chloramine drugs:
N-chloropiperidine, N-chloronorpholine, nitrogen
trichloride, N-chloroquinuclidinum chloride, dichloramine are some examples.
12. Cheese:
Cheese consists mainly of milk of protein. it has types. it contained less
kilo calories per 100 grams then butter. it reduces the risk of osteoporosis. it has
properties of nourishing the skin.
Butter:
Butter consists of mostly of milk fat. it has no types. It contains more
kilocalories per 100 grams than cheese. It helps to build healthier muscles. It
exfoliates dead skin.
13. Mycoplasm:
It is a genus of bacteria that lacks cell wall around their cell
membrane. They are naturally resistant To antibiotics that target cell walls
synthesis. they may be parasitic or saprotrophic and these are smallest bacterial
cells yet discovered Which can live without oxygen.
31-bactera that can’t examine under L.M
A- Archaebacteria
B- Flagellum species
C- Shingellum species
1. Postulates of germ theory:
a) Microorganisms must be found in a diseased but not in healthy individuals.
b) The microorganisms must be cultured from diseased individual.
c) Inoculation of healthy individual with cultured microorganism must cause
some disease.
2. Three venereal diseases:
a) General herpes:
is a sexually transmitted disease caused by herpes simplex
virus. It can cause sores on your genital or rectal areas, Buttocks and thighs.
Virus can spread even when sores are not present.
b) AIDS:
It is a late stage of infection that occurs when body's immune system is
badly damaged because of virus which is spread to sexually transmission. It is
not curable.
c) Gonorrhea:
It is an infection caused by sexually transmitted bacterium that
infect both Male and female. it must often affect urethra, rectum or throat and
cervix in females.
3. Publication of micrographia:
The book organized the biological term “cell”, and it was
published in January 1665.
4. Clinical manifestation of anthrax bacillus:
Nausea, coughing up blood, high fever,
trouble breathing, painful swallowing, mild chest discomfort, flu like symptoms for
few hours or days.
5. Staining methods:
Staining methods other than gram Staining are as follows:
a) Endospore stain
b) Metachromatic stain
c) Capsule stain
d) Acid-fast stain
e) Counter stain
6. Penicillium Notatum:
It is old specie of fungus. It is a source of antibiotic and search
and used before.
Penicillium Chrysogenum:
It is a new species of fungus. It is source of antibiotic only
and used now days.
7. Ingredients found in:
a) Enflor: Contain saccharomyces bouvardia as an active ingredient
which is lyophilized.
b) Biflor: Contain saccharomyces bouvardia with other ingredients Such as
lactose, fructose, anhydrous colloidal silica, tutti fruity flavor.
, c) Hiflor: contain high potency probiotic blend, Lactobacillus casei,
Bifidobacterium songum, streptococcus thermophilus and other including beet root
fibers, pectin, water, silica etc.
8. Pasteurization:
a) It is a process of heating food and then killing the harmful things.
b) it occurs in the presence of oxygen
c) boiling milk free from microbes.
Fermentation:
a) It is a chemical breakdown of substance by microorganisms involving
giving off heat.
b) It occurs in the absence of heat.
c) Yeast gives alcohol and some energy.
9. Clinical manifestation of Listeriosis:
fever and chills, headache, upset stomach, diarrhea,
vomiting, convulsions.
10. Photolytic disinfection:
In this method a designed protein used to attach pathogen of
interest using antibodies, so that when the photocatalysts is exposed to light, it
generates hydrogen peroxide and kills the pathogen.
It can kill a wild range of organisms including gram positive and gram negative.
Titanium dioxide can be used instead of hydrogen peroxide.
11. Chloramine drugs:
N-chloropiperidine, N-chloronorpholine, nitrogen
trichloride, N-chloroquinuclidinum chloride, dichloramine are some examples.
12. Cheese:
Cheese consists mainly of milk of protein. it has types. it contained less
kilo calories per 100 grams then butter. it reduces the risk of osteoporosis. it has
properties of nourishing the skin.
Butter:
Butter consists of mostly of milk fat. it has no types. It contains more
kilocalories per 100 grams than cheese. It helps to build healthier muscles. It
exfoliates dead skin.
13. Mycoplasm:
It is a genus of bacteria that lacks cell wall around their cell
membrane. They are naturally resistant To antibiotics that target cell walls
synthesis. they may be parasitic or saprotrophic and these are smallest bacterial
cells yet discovered Which can live without oxygen.
31-bactera that can’t examine under L.M
A- Archaebacteria
B- Flagellum species
C- Shingellum species
