Chapter 1—Ecology of the Child
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following forces affect how children are socialized?
a. Demographics c. Politics
b. Economics d. All answers are correct
ANS: D REF: 5 OBJ: 1
2. The process by which individuals acquire the knowledge, skills, and character traits that
enable them to participate as effective members of groups and society is called
a. Socialization. c. Temperament.
b. Maturation. d. Revolution.
ANS: A REF: 5 OBJ: 1
3. According to Handel, Cahill & Elkin (2007), socialization occurs
a. By means of communication.
b. Through interactions with significant others.
c. In emotionally significant contexts.
d. All answers are correct
ANS: D REF: 6 OBJ: 1
,4. The process by which externally controlled behavior shifts to internally controlled, or
self-controlled, behavior is
a. Internalization. c. Reciprocal connection.
b. Socialization. d. Cultural change.
ANS: A REF: 6 OBJ: 1
5. “Socialization as a reciprocal process” refers to the idea that
a. When individuals interact, a response in one individual usually elicits a response in
the other.
b. Both mothers and fathers are important in the lives of children.
c. Children are socialized by many people; many people are important in their lives.
d. Human interactions change over time.
ANS: A REF: 7 OBJ: 1
6. The process of socialization begins
a. At birth. c. At school-age.
b. Before birth. d. After birth.
ANS: B REF: 7 OBJ: 1
7. The total composite of hereditary instructions coded in the genes at the moment of
conception is one’s
a. Identity. c. Exosystem.
b. Genotype. d. Chronosystem.
ANS: B REF: 7 OBJ: 1
, 8. Genetic prewiring which motivates a person to seek out compatible environments is
called
a. Active. c. Language-rich.
b. Passive. d. Responsive.
ANS: A REF: 8 OBJ: 1
9. A happy sociable child is more likely to engage others in social activities than a moody,
shy child. This is an example of a:
a. Passive genotype-environment interaction.
b. Active genotype-environment interaction.
c. Evocative genotype-environment interaction.
d. None of these responses.
ANS: C REF: 10 OBJ: 1
10. The difficult child has what kind of response?
a. Intense c. Indifferent
b. Mild d. Adaptable
ANS: A REF: 10 OBJ: 1
11. Samantha is generally in a positive mood, has regular rhythms, and can adapt to change
with ease. Which temperament style does Samantha exhibit?
a. Easy c. Slow-to-Warm-Up
b. Difficult d. Unclassified
, ANS: A REF: 10 OBJ: 1
12. Kochanska (1995, 1997) found gentle parenting techniques were _________ effective in
getting timid children than assertive children to comply.
a. Less c. About the same
b. More d. No answers apply
ANS: B REF: 10 OBJ: 1
13. An adult tells a six-year old to share a toy with a four-year-old sibling. This is an
example of what kind of socialization?
a. Intentional c. Private
b. Unintentional d. Challenging
ANS: A REF: 11 OBJ: 1
14. Which of the following is true?
a. Children absorb the verbal as well as the nonverbal cues of others.
b. Intentional socialization can end up being unintentional.
c. Much of socialization takes place spontaneously during human interactions.
d. All statements are true
ANS: D REF: 11 OBJ: 1
15. Children are socialized by
a. Parents. c. Characters in movies and books.
b. Friends. d. All answers are correct
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following forces affect how children are socialized?
a. Demographics c. Politics
b. Economics d. All answers are correct
ANS: D REF: 5 OBJ: 1
2. The process by which individuals acquire the knowledge, skills, and character traits that
enable them to participate as effective members of groups and society is called
a. Socialization. c. Temperament.
b. Maturation. d. Revolution.
ANS: A REF: 5 OBJ: 1
3. According to Handel, Cahill & Elkin (2007), socialization occurs
a. By means of communication.
b. Through interactions with significant others.
c. In emotionally significant contexts.
d. All answers are correct
ANS: D REF: 6 OBJ: 1
,4. The process by which externally controlled behavior shifts to internally controlled, or
self-controlled, behavior is
a. Internalization. c. Reciprocal connection.
b. Socialization. d. Cultural change.
ANS: A REF: 6 OBJ: 1
5. “Socialization as a reciprocal process” refers to the idea that
a. When individuals interact, a response in one individual usually elicits a response in
the other.
b. Both mothers and fathers are important in the lives of children.
c. Children are socialized by many people; many people are important in their lives.
d. Human interactions change over time.
ANS: A REF: 7 OBJ: 1
6. The process of socialization begins
a. At birth. c. At school-age.
b. Before birth. d. After birth.
ANS: B REF: 7 OBJ: 1
7. The total composite of hereditary instructions coded in the genes at the moment of
conception is one’s
a. Identity. c. Exosystem.
b. Genotype. d. Chronosystem.
ANS: B REF: 7 OBJ: 1
, 8. Genetic prewiring which motivates a person to seek out compatible environments is
called
a. Active. c. Language-rich.
b. Passive. d. Responsive.
ANS: A REF: 8 OBJ: 1
9. A happy sociable child is more likely to engage others in social activities than a moody,
shy child. This is an example of a:
a. Passive genotype-environment interaction.
b. Active genotype-environment interaction.
c. Evocative genotype-environment interaction.
d. None of these responses.
ANS: C REF: 10 OBJ: 1
10. The difficult child has what kind of response?
a. Intense c. Indifferent
b. Mild d. Adaptable
ANS: A REF: 10 OBJ: 1
11. Samantha is generally in a positive mood, has regular rhythms, and can adapt to change
with ease. Which temperament style does Samantha exhibit?
a. Easy c. Slow-to-Warm-Up
b. Difficult d. Unclassified
, ANS: A REF: 10 OBJ: 1
12. Kochanska (1995, 1997) found gentle parenting techniques were _________ effective in
getting timid children than assertive children to comply.
a. Less c. About the same
b. More d. No answers apply
ANS: B REF: 10 OBJ: 1
13. An adult tells a six-year old to share a toy with a four-year-old sibling. This is an
example of what kind of socialization?
a. Intentional c. Private
b. Unintentional d. Challenging
ANS: A REF: 11 OBJ: 1
14. Which of the following is true?
a. Children absorb the verbal as well as the nonverbal cues of others.
b. Intentional socialization can end up being unintentional.
c. Much of socialization takes place spontaneously during human interactions.
d. All statements are true
ANS: D REF: 11 OBJ: 1
15. Children are socialized by
a. Parents. c. Characters in movies and books.
b. Friends. d. All answers are correct
