BIOD 151 / BIOD151 ALL LAB EXAMS ANSWER KEY LAB 1 – 8 EXAMS

BIOD 151 / BIOD151 ALL LAB EXAMS ANSWER KEY LAB 1 – 8 EXAMS Lab 1 1. Susan Smith is a participant in an Anatomy and Physiology lab class. Susan walked into lab today carrying a bagged lunch that she brought to eat following class. She has long blonde hair that is not pulled back. Today in class, you are reviewing basic microscopy and you notice that Susan’s microscope is partially hanging off the edge of her lab bench. Given what you learned from the lab video, list two lab safety concerns you notice in the above scenario. Susan brought food into the lab; Susan did not pull her hair back; Susan does not have the microscope safely secured on the lab bench. 2. Describe the position of a subject’s body when they are in anatomical position. When a person is standing in anatomical position, they are standing upright with feet flat on the ground. Head is facing forward. Arms are at the sides with palms facing forward. 3. Which of the following planes best describes the above image? a. Frontal Plane b. Sagittal Plane c. Mid-Sagittal Plane d. Transverse Plane c. Mid-Sagittal Plane 4. Which of the following planes best describes the above image? a. Frontal Plane b. Mid-Sagittal Plane c. Sagittal Plane d. Transverse Plane a. Frontal Plane 1. When comparing the relationship of the eyes to the occipital (back portion) region of the head, which of the following terms best describes the occipital region? a. Ventral b. Dorsal c. Anterior d. Posterior e. a. and c. f. b. and d. f. b. and d. 2. When looking at the body in anatomical position, which of the following statements best describes the relationship of the legs to the ribs? a. The legs are distal to the ribs b. The legs are inferior to the ribs c. The legs are lateral to the ribs d. The legs are superficial to the ribs b. The legs are inferior to the ribs 3. When looking at the body in anatomical position, which of the following statements best describes the relationship of the trunk to the arms? a. The trunk is medial to the arms b. The trunk is proximal to the arms c. The trunk is lateral to the arms d. The trunk is superficial to the arms a. the trunk is medial to the arms 4. When looking at the body in anatomical position, which of the following statements best describes the relationship of the knee to the ankle? a. The knee is distal to the ankle b. The knee is superior to the ankle c. The knee is proximal to the ankle d. b. and c. e. none of the above are correct statements d. b. and c. 5. A surgeon is about to perform surgery and directs his OR team to place the patient in the supine position. Describe what the supine position is. The supine position is lying on the back, face upward. 1. The crus is part of which skeletal division? a. The axial division b. The appendicular division c. Neither division b. The appendicular division 2. Which of the following statements is false? a. The two main body cavities are the dorsal and ventral cavities. b. The thoracic cavity contains 2 subdivisions. c. The ventral cavity can be subdivided into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. d. All of the statements are true statements. b. The thoracic cavity contains 2 subdivisions. (It contains 3 subdivisions.) 3. Which of the following lines the lungs? a. The parietal pleura b. The meninges c. The visceral pleura c. The visceral pleura 4. Which of the following is a true statement? a. Inflammation of the pleural lining is referred to as pleurisy. b. Inflammation of the pericardium is referred to as carditis. c. a. and b. d. None of the statements are true. a. Inflammation of the pleural lining is referred to as pleurisy. 5. Describe what the term “retroperitoneal” means and give an example of a retroperitoneal organ. Retroperitoneal organs are located between the peritoneum and the dorsal body cavity. Examples include the kidneys, portions of the pancreas, the adrenal glands, and portions of the digestive organs. Retroperitoneal means situated behind the peritoneal cavity, between the peritoneum and dorsal cavity. An example of a retroperitoneal organ is kidney. 1. Describe the proper way to carry a microscope. You should always carry a microscope by placing one hand under the base while the other hand braces the arm. 2. What portion of the light microscope adjusts the amount of light that passes through the light source? a. The illuminator b. The oculars c. The diaphragm c. The diaphragm 3. Which knob is the instructor adjusting in the above picture? The mechanical stage control knob. 4. The objective magnification is 4x. The ocular magnification is 10x. What is the total magnification? Total magnification = 40x (objective magnification x ocular magnification = total magnification.) LAB 2 1. Give the definition of what a tissue is. A tissue is a grouping of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function. 2. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the four primary classes of tissue in the body? a. Epithelial tissue functions in secretion and protection. b. Connective tissue functions to bind tissues and anchor organs. c. Nervous tissue functions in communication throughout the body. d. Muscular tissue functions in movement throughout the body. e. All of the above are true statements. e. All of the above are true statements. 3. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding differences between tissue types? a. Tissues vary based upon the type of matrix it possesses. b. Tissues vary based upon the composition of matrix. c. Tissues vary based upon ratio of cells to matrix. d. b. and c. are true. e. All of the above statements are true. d. b. and c. are true. 4. Which of the following germ layers gives rise to fibroblasts? a. Ectoderm b. Mesoderm c. Endoderm d. a. and c. e. b. and c. f. All of the above b. Mesoderm 1. What are the ways epithelial tissue is classified? Epithelial tissue is classified by cell type, cell shape, and cell arrangement. 2. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the structure of epithelial tissue? a. Epithelial tissue has a direct nerve supply. b. Epithelial tissue draws its blood supply from the connective tissue. c. Epithelial tissue is composed of a large cellular content with a small amount of matrix. d. All of the above statements are true. d. All of the above statements are true. A. B. C. 3. Which of the above images is an example of simple cuboidal epithelial tissue? A. 4. What type of epithelial tissue do you see in the above image? Explain how you know what type it is. The above image depicts pseudostratified epithelial tissue. All cells touch the basement membrane, but not all cells reach the apical or free surface. 1. Match the following epithelial tissue types with its location in the body. 1. Simple squamous epithelium a. 2. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. 3. Simple columnar epithelium d. 4. Pseudostratified epithelium b. a. capillary walls b. respiratory tract c. glands d. uterine tubes 2. Match the following epithelial tissue types with their function. 1. Simple squamous epithelium d. 2. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. 3. Simple columnar epithelium a. 4. Pseudostratified epithelium b. a. secretes mucus in the digestive tract b. locomotion c. secretes mucus in the bronchioles d. transcellular transport 3. Explain the function of cilia in pseudostratified epithelium. Note: to receive full credit you must give a specific function based upon location of pseudostratified epithelium within the body. Pseudostratified epithelium can be found in the respiratory tract as well as the male reproductive tract. Cilia assists in movement of substances. In the respiratory tract cilia would propel mucus, and in the male reproductive tract cilia would propel sperm. (either example are acceptable answers.) Pseudostratified epithelium can be found in the male reproductive tract. This type of tissue has additional structures called cilia. Cilia are structures attached to the cells that are motile, beat in a rhythm to move fluid. For example, assistance in movement of sperm through the reproductive tract. 1. Match the following epithelial tissue types with its location in the body. 1. Stratified squamous epithelium c. 2. Stratified cuboidal epithelium a. 3. Stratified columnar epithelium d. 4. Transitional epithelium b. a. seminiferous tubules b. bladder c. palms of hands d. male urethra 2. Would non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium prevent water loss? Explain why or why not. Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium would not prevent water loss because it lacks the dead layer of compact cells and the water repellent glycolipid which keratinized stratified squamous epithelium possesses. 3. Match the following epithelial tissue types with the correct description. 1. Stratified squamous epithelium b. 2. Stratified cuboidal epithelium d. 3. Stratified columnar epithelium a. 4. Transitional epithelium c. a. found where one type of epithelium meets another b. prevents abrasion c. top layer of cells can appear round or flat d. acts in secretion