Summary Introduction to the anatomy of the neck, back and upper limb

ANATOMICAL FOUNDATIONS
 Supine (back down)
 Crania = skull
 Postcrania = below skull

PLANES




Sagittal(Medial) → left & right
Coronal → front & back
Transverse → top & bottom half
Oblique → at an angle




 Hand and foot top known as dorsal and bottom is palmar(hand) and plantar(foot)

,  Superficial → closer to surface
 Deep → further away from surface
o Muscles are superficial vs bone
 Facia is a network of tissue that groups other tissues together
o Protects muscles and helps with function



SURFACE LAYERS OF BODY
1. Skin or epidermis

2. Superficial fascia
 Layer of loose fatty connective tissue underlying the dermis & binding it to parts beneath
 Sensory nerves for skin run through it
 Contains veins, arteries & lymphatic vessels
 Varies in thickness across body

3. Deep fascia
 Little network of fascia between muscles
o When someone damages the muscle, often damages fascia as well
 Layer of dense fibrous tissue which surrounds individual muscles & divide groups of muscles
into fascial compartments
 Attaches to bone
 Intermuscular septa - runs between muscles
 At wrist & ankle deep fascia is found & forms retinacula → thick fibrous band around groups
of tendons that holds them in place
→ function to stabilize tendon
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
 Supply oxygen & nutrients
o Oxygenated blood = arteries
o Deoxygenated blood = veins
 Lungs get deoxygenated blood from veins