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Dierkunde H1-H8 samenvatting

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Dit is een samenvatting van het vak dierkunde, 1e ba BMW, gegeven door Prof H. Leirs en Prof S. Gryseels. De samenvatting bevat ALLEEN H1 t/m H8!! Hoofstuk 9 t/m 23 (?) niet inbegrepen!

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March 6, 2022
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Samenvatting

DIERKUNDE
1e Ba Biomedische wetenschappen




Prof. Dr. Herwig Leirs & Prof. Dr. Sophie Gryseels

,Inhoudstafel dierkunde 1e ba BMW
H1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1
1 Een definitie van leven? .................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Wat is biologie? ............................................................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Wat is leven?................................................................................................................................................................. 1
1.3 Wat is een dier? ............................................................................................................................................................ 2
2 Verschillende organisatieniveaus......................................................................................................................................3
2.1 Moleculaire en cellulaire basis......................................................................................................................................3
2.2 Weefsels en organen ....................................................................................................................................................3
2.3 Individuen en populaties ..............................................................................................................................................4
2.4 Het dier en zijn omgeving ............................................................................................................................................. 4
2.5 Interacties tussen niveaus ............................................................................................................................................ 4
3 De diversiteit in het dierenrijk........................................................................................................................................... 4
H2 De dierlijke cel ................................................................................................................................................................... 4
1 Bouwstenen van organismen ............................................................................................................................................4
2 Inwendige structuur van de cel ......................................................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Protoplasma ..................................................................................................................................................................4
2.2 Plasmamembraan ......................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.3 Ribosoom ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.4 Mitochondrion ..............................................................................................................................................................5
2.5 Kern ...............................................................................................................................................................................5
2.6 Andere structuren......................................................................................................................................................... 6
3 Erfelijke informatie ............................................................................................................................................................ 6
3.1 Proteïnen ...................................................................................................................................................................... 6
3.2 De genetische code .......................................................................................................................................................6
3.3 Expressie van een gen...................................................................................................................................................7
H3 Celdeling, voorplanting en ontwikkeling ........................................................................................................................... 7
1 Celvermeerdering..............................................................................................................................................................7
1.1 Mitosis .......................................................................................................................................................................... 7
1.2 Meiosis .......................................................................................................................................................................... 8
2 Voortplantingsvormen ......................................................................................................................................................8
2.1 Aseksuele voortplanting ............................................................................................................................................... 9
2.2 Seksuele voorplanting ................................................................................................................................................... 9
3 Ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................................................................... 10
3.1 Zygotevorming ............................................................................................................................................................ 10
3.2 Klieving en blastulavorming ........................................................................................................................................ 10
3.3 Gastrulatie .................................................................................................................................................................. 11
4 Celdifferentiatie .............................................................................................................................................................. 11
4.1 Eén genoom – verschillende celtypes ......................................................................................................................... 11
4.2 Differentiatie tot een bouwplan ................................................................................................................................. 11
H4 Biologische diversiteit ..................................................................................................................................................... 11
1 Evolutie – het diversifiërende proces.............................................................................................................................. 11
1.1 Het begrip evolutie ..................................................................................................................................................... 11
1

, 1.2 Mechanismen van evolutie ......................................................................................................................................... 12
1.3 Co-evolutie .................................................................................................................................................................. 12
1.4 Resultaten van evolutie .............................................................................................................................................. 12
1.5 Misverstanden over biologische evolutie ................................................................................................................... 12
2 Systematiek ..................................................................................................................................................................... 13
2.1 Waarom systematiek? ................................................................................................................................................ 13
2.2 Soortconcept .............................................................................................................................................................. 13
2.3 Biologische naamgeving ............................................................................................................................................. 13
2.4 Classificatiesysteem .................................................................................................................................................... 13
3 Indeling van het dierenrijk .............................................................................................................................................. 14
3.1 Fylogenetische benadering ......................................................................................................................................... 14
3.2 Genetische en fenetische kenmerken ........................................................................................................................ 14
3.3 Stamboom der dieren ................................................................................................................................................. 14
3.4 Studie van diverse diergroepen .................................................................................................................................. 15
H5 Protozoa .......................................................................................................................................................................... 15
1 Inleiding en diagnose ...................................................................................................................................................... 15
2 Bouwplan ........................................................................................................................................................................ 15
2.1 De morfologie van de protozoöncel ........................................................................................................................... 15
2.2 Voedselopname .......................................................................................................................................................... 15
2.3 Voortbeweging ........................................................................................................................................................... 16
3 Voortplanting en ontwikkeling ........................................................................................................................................ 16
3.1 Celdeling (aseksueel) .................................................................................................................................................. 16
3.2 Bevruchting en seksualiteit ......................................................................................................................................... 16
4 Voorbeelden .................................................................................................................................................................... 17
4.1 Superclassis Rhizopoda (Sarcodina) (Amoebozoa) ..................................................................................................... 17
4.2 Superclassis Flagellata (Mastigophora)....................................................................................................................... 17
4.3 Superclassis Sporozoa ................................................................................................................................................. 18
4.4 Superclassis Ciliophora (Ciliata) .................................................................................................................................. 19
H6 Porifera ............................................................................................................................................................................ 19
1 Inleiding en diagnose ...................................................................................................................................................... 19
2 Bouwplan ........................................................................................................................................................................ 19
2.1 Celtypes ...................................................................................................................................................................... 19
2.2 Organisatietypes ......................................................................................................................................................... 20
3 Levenswijze ..................................................................................................................................................................... 20
4 Voortplanting en ontwikkeling ........................................................................................................................................ 20
4.1 Seksuele voortplanting ............................................................................................................................................... 20
4.2 Aseksuele voortplanting ............................................................................................................................................. 20
5 Belangrijke recente groepen ........................................................................................................................................... 20
H7 Cnidaria ........................................................................................................................................................................... 21
1 Inleiding en diagnose ...................................................................................................................................................... 21
2 Bouwplan ........................................................................................................................................................................ 21
2.1 Algemene opbouw van het lichaam ........................................................................................................................... 21

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