NUR 2063: Essentials of Pathophysiology
Exam 1
What is Pathophysiology
(ANS - is the study of what happens when the normal anatomy and physiology go
wrong, causing disorder and disease process of the human body.
What 4 things does pathophysiology include?
(ANS - Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment
Implications
What is etiology
(ANS - study of causes or reasons for phenomena. Includes Idiopathic conditions
that have an unknown origin or cause.
What is pathogenesis?
(ANS - development or evolution of disease from initial stimulus to the expression
of manifestations as time occurs.
What are clinical manifestations?
(ANS - Signs and symptoms of disorder.
What are treatment implications?
(ANS - Which combine the etology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations to
determine the best treatment of condition per individual.
,What are signs?
(ANS - Objective or observed manifestations of disease.
What are symptoms?
(ANS - Subjective feelings of abnormality in the body.
What is objective data
(ANS - What you observe and can measure.
What are examples of objective data?
(ANS - rash, low blood pressure, bleeding
What is subjective data?
(ANS - What the patient may report to you
What are examples of subjective data?
(ANS - pain scale, they feel suicidal, fatigued.
What is epidemiology?
(ANS - study of the patterns of disease involving populations. Based on the spread
and contact of diseases in people.
What are the levels of disease prevention?
(ANS - Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
Explain Primary Prevention
, (ANS - "Preventing"; altering susceptibility or reducing exposure of disease for
people.
Examples of Primary Prevention
(ANS - Vaccinations and Handwashing
Explain Secondary Prevention
(ANS - "Screening"; early detection, screening, and management of disease to
catch disease early before it spreads
Examples of Secondary Prevention
(ANS - PAP smears for STDs, lab work for HBA1C check, mammogram
Explain Tertiary Prevention
(ANS - "Treating" and preventing further complications from a disorder or disease
after the person has the condition
Examples of Tertiary Prevention
(ANS - Rehab for hip surgery, relearning ADL's after amputation, Wound care
after stroke to prevent pressure ulcers.
What is homeostasis?(ANS - a state of equilibrium in which all body systems are
in balance and the body is at its most optimal in functioning. Stable.
What is allostasis?
(ANS - ability to successfully adapt to challenges. It is not a balance but an attempt
to adapt to achieve homeostasis. Example: sweating to lower ones body temp.
Exam 1
What is Pathophysiology
(ANS - is the study of what happens when the normal anatomy and physiology go
wrong, causing disorder and disease process of the human body.
What 4 things does pathophysiology include?
(ANS - Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment
Implications
What is etiology
(ANS - study of causes or reasons for phenomena. Includes Idiopathic conditions
that have an unknown origin or cause.
What is pathogenesis?
(ANS - development or evolution of disease from initial stimulus to the expression
of manifestations as time occurs.
What are clinical manifestations?
(ANS - Signs and symptoms of disorder.
What are treatment implications?
(ANS - Which combine the etology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations to
determine the best treatment of condition per individual.
,What are signs?
(ANS - Objective or observed manifestations of disease.
What are symptoms?
(ANS - Subjective feelings of abnormality in the body.
What is objective data
(ANS - What you observe and can measure.
What are examples of objective data?
(ANS - rash, low blood pressure, bleeding
What is subjective data?
(ANS - What the patient may report to you
What are examples of subjective data?
(ANS - pain scale, they feel suicidal, fatigued.
What is epidemiology?
(ANS - study of the patterns of disease involving populations. Based on the spread
and contact of diseases in people.
What are the levels of disease prevention?
(ANS - Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
Explain Primary Prevention
, (ANS - "Preventing"; altering susceptibility or reducing exposure of disease for
people.
Examples of Primary Prevention
(ANS - Vaccinations and Handwashing
Explain Secondary Prevention
(ANS - "Screening"; early detection, screening, and management of disease to
catch disease early before it spreads
Examples of Secondary Prevention
(ANS - PAP smears for STDs, lab work for HBA1C check, mammogram
Explain Tertiary Prevention
(ANS - "Treating" and preventing further complications from a disorder or disease
after the person has the condition
Examples of Tertiary Prevention
(ANS - Rehab for hip surgery, relearning ADL's after amputation, Wound care
after stroke to prevent pressure ulcers.
What is homeostasis?(ANS - a state of equilibrium in which all body systems are
in balance and the body is at its most optimal in functioning. Stable.
What is allostasis?
(ANS - ability to successfully adapt to challenges. It is not a balance but an attempt
to adapt to achieve homeostasis. Example: sweating to lower ones body temp.
