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Costs and Break-Even Notes - Business GCSEs

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Notes according to the "Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Business Studies 5th edition" textbook on Costs and Break Even for GCSEs (CIE)

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December 1, 2021
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COSTS A BREAK -

EVEN


break -
even
analysis :
a method for finding out the minimum

level of sales necessary for a firm to

cover all of its costs with revenue


↳ at the break -
even point ,
the revenue obtained from the
all the costs out in making and
sale of products equals paid
selling them

↳ when costs are greater than revenue the firm makes a loss

↳ when costs are less than revenue the firm will make a profit
↳ break even
when costs equal revenue the firm will




fixed cost which does as the amount of products
cost a not
change
:




I called overheads )
produced or sold
changes also





examples :



costs are constant at
her rent
EE -
all levels of production
we
rates
be insurance
the salaries output

↳ fixed costs
per
unit of output will decrease as
production
increases (vice versa ) as the same amount of fixed costs can


be shared out over a
larger number of
products

variable cost which changes amount of
cost a as the goods
:




produced or sold
changes
↳ direct costs
examples
: :


Lee materials used in production
ÉÉ iii. ! :
directly involved
in
i.
producing
her
wages ( piece rate ) a product
output

↳ variable costs per unit of production doesn't change

, r
total costs
= total fixed costs + total variable costs

6



Tc T

=Y¥i÷p
""
average
-




É an ,




output



revenue the money that comes in from
selling the goods / services
:




revenue
'




when nothing is

sold , no revenue is
a-
made but as sales
increase , revenue also

increases proportionally
output



break total fixed costs
even point
-
=



contribution unit )
lper



variable cost /per unit )
contribution selling price
-

=




be contribution refers to the amount of

after all variable costs
money remaining
have been subtracted from sales revenue

↳ in units
break even (f) BEP ✗
selling price
point
-
=




↳ BE level of output
margin of
safety actual output -
=
R52,13
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