Patho Exam: Fluid_lytes_acid_base_exam review questions with answers GRADED A

An adult client in the clinic complains of a cough, fever, nausea, and vomiting for three days. Examination reveals a dry tongue and oral mucosa, and concentrated urine. The client also reports feeling weak and dizzy. To best assess the client’s fluid status, the nurse checks which of the following assessment parameters? A. Temperature B. Respiratory rate and depth C. BP and pulse D. Oxygen saturation level 2. The nurse caring for the following group of clients, considers which client to be at the highest risk for developing deficient fluid volume? A. A thin, 32-year-old female receiving steroid therapy for bronchitis. B. A 60-year-old male who had a left inguinal hernia repair 12 hours ago. C. A 76-year-old male with a nasogastric tube to suction after colon resection. D. A 68-year-old female who is having nothing by mouth for a surgical procedure. 3. A client is semiconscious, restless, and exhibits tremors and muscle weakness. Assessment reveals a dry, swollen tongue, temperature of 99.8 F. The nurse anticipates that the serum sodium for this client will most likely be which of the following? A. 120 mEq/L B. 132 mEq/L C. 142 mEq/L D. 155 mEq/L 4. The nurse providing care to a client with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion. The nurse explains to the unlicensed assistant that water intake should be: A. Encouraged B. Restricted C. Given whenever the client wants D. Given by intravenous fluids only. 5. A client with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder has been drinking copious amounts of water and voiding frequently. The client is experiencing bounding pulses and confusion and reports a headache. The nurse checks the lab results for which of the following? A. Low platelet count B. Low sodium level C. High serum osmolality D. High urine specific gravity. This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 11-16-2021 07:40:25 GMT -06:00 This study resource was shared via CourseH 6. Which of the following potassium levels would be of greatest concern to the nurse when seen in a client who is taking the diuretic furosemide (Lasix)? A. 5.4 mEq/L B. 4.3 mEq/L C. 3.4 mEq/L D. 3.1 mEq/L 7. The nurse anticipates which of the following clients would be most at risk to develop hyperkalemia. The client: A. with chronic renal failure. B. just diagnosed with cirrhosis. C. with intestinal and nasogastric suctioning. D. who has had diarrhea for the last four days. 8. The results of a client’s lab tests show an elevated ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone. The nurse suspects the cause is: A. Hypoparathyroidism. B. A malignancy C. Hyperparathyroidism D. Vitamin D deficiency 9. Which of the following pH values would the nurse expect to see in an anxious client? A. 7.45 B. 7.38 C. 7.50 D. 7.20 10. For which reason would the nurse be concerned about a client’s aldosterone level? A. Aldosterone is a hormone that is secreted when sodium levels are depressed. B. Aldosterone is a hormone that is secreted when potassium levels are depressed. C. Aldosterone’s action is to decrease the retention of sodium. D. Aldosterone’s action is to decrease the secretion of potassium. This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 11-16-2021 07:40:25 GMT -06:00 This study resource was shared via CourseH 11. Which client would be most concerning to a nurse for being at risk for hyponatremia? A. A client with inadequate sodium intake. B. A client with a decrease in total body water (TBW). C. A client with a serious burn, vomiting, or diarrhea. D. A client with a serum sodium greater than 145 mEq/L. 12. When a client has a potassium level greater than 6 mEq/L, the nurse knows that which statement is true? A. Dietary excesses are commonly the cause. B. Hyperkalemia often occurs in acidosis. C. There is an increase in the renal secretion of potassium. D. Increased aldosterone levels are noted. 13. A patient has deep and rapid respirations. Laboratory tests reveal decreases in both pH and bicarbonate values. What acid base imbalance is the client experiencing? A. Metabolic acidosis. B. Metabolic alkalosis. C. Respiratory acidosis. D. Respiratory alkalosis. 14. When providing client education, the nurse should include which of the following causes of hypernatremia? (select all that apply) A. Excessive free water intake. B. Inappropriate administration of hypertonic saline solution. C. Over secretion of the hormone aldosterone. D. Cushing syndrome. E. ingesting large amounts of dietary calcium.