The Haematopoietic System: Revision
Copyright F Khan 2021
, Anti-Anaemic Drugs
Anaemia is a condition in which the blood doesn't have enough healthy
red blood cells. Anaemia results from a lack of red blood cells or
dysfunctional red blood cells in the body. This leads to reduced oxygen
flow to the body's organs.
Signs & Symptoms
• Pale RBC’s lacking Haemoglobin (Hb) • Shortness of breath
• Pallor in mucous membranes • Dizziness
• Fatigue • Tingling extremities
Microcyctic, Hypochromic Anaemia
(small RBC’s, low Hb)
Causes Iron-deficiency Achlorydia
-Blood Loss HCL deficiency
-Heavy menses HCL helps absorb Hb
-Pregnancy (fetus uses Iron to grow)
-Breast-feeding
Treatme Start with oral treatment for 3 months: ferrous lactate, gluconate, sulfate.
nt Combination iron preparation: ferrous fumerate + folic acid
Antidote Iron poisoning: Desferrioxamine
Notes Why is Iron & Folic acid taken together: Iron is needed to make Hb, folic acid is needed to
use the Hb to form healthy RBC’s.
Megaloblastic Anaemia:
Large RBC’s
2 types Macrocytic Anemia Pernicious Anaemia
Cause Folic Acid Deficiency Vitamin B12 Deficiency
-Dietary deficiency -Dietary deficiency (Vegans)
-Pregnancy -Lack Intrinsic factor (to absorb VB12)
-Lactation -Conditions affecting the absorptive lining
-Alcoholism of the small intestine (Chrons, Colitis,
-Chemotherapy atrophic gastritis, Celiac Dx)
Tx Folic Acid + VB12 VB12 injection
*both deficiencies mimic each other so to *given as an injection because a person
prevent folic acid masking a VB12 who can’t absorb VB12 won’t benefit from
deficiency we prescribe both. a pill.
Aplastic Anaemia:
Bone marrow fails to produce RBC’s
Causes Bone Marrow Failure
-Chemotherapy
-Bone Tumor
-Drug-induced
*Cholermphenicol has 2 types of toxic effects:
1) Predictable type is reversible
2) Idiosyncratic is life threatening
Treatment Metabolic steroids
Erythropoetic-deficiency Anaemia:
Kidney fails to make erythropoietin, a hormone which stimulates bone to produce RBC’s
Causes Kidney Failure
(HTN, DM, Cirrhosis etc)
Treatment Erythropoetin
Copyright F Khan 2021
, Anti-Anaemic Drugs
Anaemia is a condition in which the blood doesn't have enough healthy
red blood cells. Anaemia results from a lack of red blood cells or
dysfunctional red blood cells in the body. This leads to reduced oxygen
flow to the body's organs.
Signs & Symptoms
• Pale RBC’s lacking Haemoglobin (Hb) • Shortness of breath
• Pallor in mucous membranes • Dizziness
• Fatigue • Tingling extremities
Microcyctic, Hypochromic Anaemia
(small RBC’s, low Hb)
Causes Iron-deficiency Achlorydia
-Blood Loss HCL deficiency
-Heavy menses HCL helps absorb Hb
-Pregnancy (fetus uses Iron to grow)
-Breast-feeding
Treatme Start with oral treatment for 3 months: ferrous lactate, gluconate, sulfate.
nt Combination iron preparation: ferrous fumerate + folic acid
Antidote Iron poisoning: Desferrioxamine
Notes Why is Iron & Folic acid taken together: Iron is needed to make Hb, folic acid is needed to
use the Hb to form healthy RBC’s.
Megaloblastic Anaemia:
Large RBC’s
2 types Macrocytic Anemia Pernicious Anaemia
Cause Folic Acid Deficiency Vitamin B12 Deficiency
-Dietary deficiency -Dietary deficiency (Vegans)
-Pregnancy -Lack Intrinsic factor (to absorb VB12)
-Lactation -Conditions affecting the absorptive lining
-Alcoholism of the small intestine (Chrons, Colitis,
-Chemotherapy atrophic gastritis, Celiac Dx)
Tx Folic Acid + VB12 VB12 injection
*both deficiencies mimic each other so to *given as an injection because a person
prevent folic acid masking a VB12 who can’t absorb VB12 won’t benefit from
deficiency we prescribe both. a pill.
Aplastic Anaemia:
Bone marrow fails to produce RBC’s
Causes Bone Marrow Failure
-Chemotherapy
-Bone Tumor
-Drug-induced
*Cholermphenicol has 2 types of toxic effects:
1) Predictable type is reversible
2) Idiosyncratic is life threatening
Treatment Metabolic steroids
Erythropoetic-deficiency Anaemia:
Kidney fails to make erythropoietin, a hormone which stimulates bone to produce RBC’s
Causes Kidney Failure
(HTN, DM, Cirrhosis etc)
Treatment Erythropoetin
