Mammalogy Quizzes SCIN401/ Question And Answer With Rationale

Mammalogy Quizzes Ch. 23-24 Question 1 of 10 10.0 Points Why is dispersal male biased in polygamous species? A. Female philopatry is advantageous since females provide more parental care whereas males suffer from inbreeding and competition from philopatric behavior. B. Heterozygosity is increased with male philopatry which in turn increases female reproductive fitness. C. Males benefit from giving high level of parental care and females benefit from reduced resource competition. D. Male philopatry is advantageous since females provide more parental care whereas females suffer from inbreeding and competition from philopatric behavior. Question 2 of 10 10.0 Points This graph shows the distribution of shrew species in the genus Sorex. What conclusion can be drawn from this graph? A. Sorex species in the Sierra Nevada Mountains are partitioned by habitat type.  B. Sorex species in the Sierra Nevada Mountains are are undergoing sympatric speciation.  C. Sorex species in the Sierra Nevada Mountains occupy an ideal free distribution.  D. Sorex species in the Sierra Nevada Mountains have been segregated by inbreeding depression. Question 3 of 10 10.0 PointsYou are a research mammalogist that just completed a global inventory of mammal species. This is a graph of the results of species richness by latitude. What conclusion can defended from the data in the graph?  A. Lagomorphs are circumpolar in distribution.  B. Chiropterans contribute a small number of species to tropical biodiversity.  C. Low lying areas have greater mammalian diversity compared to mountainous areas. D. Mammalian biodiversity around the tropics is greatest. Question 4 of 10 10.0 Points The ecological association of the African honeyguide (Indicator indicator) and African honey badger (Mellivora capensis) is best described as: A. mutualism B. plant-mammal interaction C. intraspecific competition D. keystone species E. presaturation dispersal Question 5 of 10 10.0 Points Which of the following is true regarding circadian rhythms in mammals? A. Circadian rhythms in mammals are under exogenous control. B. All circadian rhythms in mammals are annually timed. C. Circadian rhythms in mammals are completely dependent on environmental cues like day length. D. Circadian rhythms in mammals are under endogenous control. Question 6 of 10 10.0 Points Vomeronasal organ in mammals is: A. used in the sexual role of the male in many species.B. used in detecting olfactory signals. C. used in deciphering ultrasonic signals. D. A and B. E. A, B, and C. Question 7 of 10 10.0 Points Which of the following are used in mammalian communication? A. Olfactory signals B. Acoustical Signals C. Tactile signals D. Visual signals E. All of the above. Question 8 of 10 10.0 Points Which of the following would be considered an example of reciprocal altruism? A. Food sharing by vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus). B. Young golden-mantled ground squirrels (Callospermophilus lateralis) playing with siblings instead of unrelated individuals. C. Formation of social castes of naked mole rats (Heterocephalus glaber). D. Non-breeding females in African hunting dogs (Lycaon pictus). E. Bull dispersal in African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Question 9 of 10 10.0 Points What contributes to the difference in social structure and number of individuals of savanna and desert dwelling baboons?A. Establishment of a fission-fusion social system. B. Pronounced sexual dimorphism. C. By different forms of alloparental care. D. The availability of resources. E. The four levels of social organization. Question 10 of 10 10.0 Points What factors are important for the conservation of mammals? A. landscape corridors B. habitat preservation C. gene flow D. genetic diversity E. All of the above Ch. 20-22 Question 1 of 10 10.0 Points Metatherian mammals have a brief gestation period and bear virtually embryonic young. In contrast, eutherian mammals have a long gestation period and bear anatomically complete young. Which of the following contributes to this difference in metatherian and eutherian reproduction? A. Rates of embryogenesis B. Degree of placentationC. Hormonal differences D. Estrous cycle differences E. All of the above F. None of the above Question 2 of 10 10.0 Points This graph shows the energy requirements for gestation and lactation. Which is the best interpretation of the following graph?  A. Eutherian mammals expend greater amounts of energy in gestation and lactation compared to metatherian mammals.  B. Metatherian mammals expend greater amounts of energy in gestation and lactation compared to eutherian mammals. C. While total energy requirements are roughly the same, metatherian investment in lactation and gestation occurs over a longer time scale than in eutherian mammals.  D. While total energy requirements are roughly the same, eutherian investment in lactation and gestation occurs over a longer time scale than in metatherian mammals. Question 3 of 10 10.0 Points Your masters research project involves understanding nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) reproduction in order to make management recommendations. You have tagged females and observe mating to vary between individuals from June to September. The known gestation length is four months. All your tagged females give birth to single young in mid-March. Which is the best explanation of your data? A. Delayed fertilization B. Delayed implantation C. Long gestation D. Sperm competition E. Under-developed placenta Question 4 of 10 10.0 Points What is the tradeoff for endothermy? A. Low metabolic cost B. Constant thermal conductance C. High energy costD. Behavioral thermoregulation Question 5 of 10 10.0 Points Which describes an advantage of endothermy? A. A great immune system. B. The ability to be regionally heterothermic. C. The ability to sustain high levels of activities under different temperatures. D. A long intrauterine gestation period. E. The necessity of maintaining a large body size. Question 6 of 10 10.0 Points Bergmann's Rule is: A. Animals in the north are smaller than the same species in the temperate zones B. Animals in the southern part of the range are always bigger than the same species in the northern range C. Warm blooded animals tend to be larger in the north than the same species in the warmer part of their range D. Cold blooded animals are bigger in the north compared with the same species in the southern part of their range E. Larger animals have shorter limbs in the northern part of their range Question 7 of 10 10.0 Points Which phylogenetic group does not contain species that echolocate? A. OdontocetiB. Chiroptera C. Pinnipedia D. Afrosoricida E. Soricomorpha Question 8 of 10 10.0 Points Which of the following are methods to generate echolocation calls? A. clicks and squeals through nasal passage B. tongue clicks C. vocal signals produced by larynx D. All of the above. Question 9 of 10 10.0 Points Which is the most accurate conclusion regarding this sonogram or graph of echolocation signal of a Pteronotus bat?  A. This is a constant frequency (CF) signal that is used to search for prey. B. This is a frequency modulated (FM) signal that is used to search for prey.  C. This is a constant frequency (CF) signal that is used to locate the position of prey.  D. This is a frequency modulated (FM) signal that is used to locate the position of prey. Question 10 of 10 10.0 Points Which statement is not correct? A. Echolocation in water will travel faster, farther, and uses less energy to transmit than a signal of equal intensity in air. B. The intensity of an echolocation signal attenuates more rapidly in air than water. C. Echolocation in water can provide short-range information where echolocation in air can provide excellent long-range information. D. Echolocation in air is subject to humidity and temperature fluctuations. Ch 16-19 Question 1 of 10 10.0 Points Which of the following characteristic(s) allow felids to be successful predators? A. SpeedB. Specialized carnassials C. Well-developed sight, hearing, and smell D. Long rostrum E. A, B, and C F. All of the above. Question 2 of 10 10.0 Points Diurnal activity in herpestids is possible because of A. sociality. B. well-developed olfaction. C. introduction to Caribbean and Hawaiian Islands. D. semiplantigrade motion. Question 3 of 10 10.0 Points Which morphological features support the more omnivorous diet of Ursidae species? A. Increased power in limbs and crushing action of cheek teeth B. Loss of cursorial ability and reduction in shearing function of carnassials C. Long rostrum and small orbits D. A and B E. All of the above Question 4 of 10 10.0 Points Historically, perissodactylsA. were more diverse and declined through evolutionary time potentially due to changing climate and the rise of artiodactyls. B. were not herbivorous browsers. C. arose during the Oligocene era. D. gained cursorial ability through the addition of digits. Question 5 of 10 10.0 Points Match the correct representative taxa with a phylogenetic family 1. Family not listed C. falanouc, fossa, Madagascaran mongooses 2. Otariidae F. eared seals, fur seals, sea lions 3. Canidae E. wolves, foxes, jackals 4. Felidae A. cats 5. Herpestidae G. mongooses 6. Ursidae H. bears 7. Mustelidae D. weasels, badgers, otters 8. Procyonidae B. racoons, ringtails, coatis Question 6 of 10 10.0 Points What is a result of hindgut fermentation of perissodactyls? A. Compared to ruminant artiodactyls, perrisodactyls must locate a high volume of nutritious vegetation which restricts their range and can increase migration patterns. B. Hindgut fermentation uses microorganisms to breaks down cellulose which is different from the cellular breakdown in ruminant artiodactlys. C. Ruminant artiodactyls need to migrate large large distances to find sufficient vegetation where as perissodactlys require a small quantity of vegetation. D. All statements are incorrect. Question 7 of 10 10.0 PointsThe difference between antlers and horns is that: A. Horns are used for fighting and antlers are not B. Both sexes always have antlers C. Only bovids have antlers D. Antlers are always shed E. Horns can be used to tell the sex of the animal Question 8 of 10 10.0 Points You discover an animal that you think is a new species with these characteristics: even toed, three chambered stomach, horns with a bony core, and selenodont cheek teeth. Which phylogenetic group would this animal be most similar? A. Artiodactyla B. Perrisodactyla C. Cetacea D. Carnivora E. Lagamorpha Question 9 of 10 10.0 Points What are the two modes of sounds used by Odontocetes species? A. Narrow band continuous tones for echolocation and broad-band clicks used for intraspecific communication. B. Narrow band continuous tones for prey identification and broad-band clicks used for echolocation. C. Narrow band continuous tones for intraspecific communication and broad-band clicks used for interspecific communication. D. Narrow band continuous tones for intraspecific communication and broad-band clicks used for echolocation.Question 10 of 10 10.0 Points What is(are) the function(s) of gregarious behavior of delphinids? A. increase the effectiveness of food searching B. increase prey capture C. serve as predator avoidance D. All of the above Ch 13-15 10/10 Question 1 of 10 10.0 Points Which of the following processes is responsible for phylogenetically unrelated rodent species that are morphologically and ecologically similar? A. convergent evolution B. cospeciation C. adaptive radiation D. physiological adaptation E. coevolution Question 2 of 10 10.0 Points What morphological character(s) is (are) important of rodent incisors in order to survive heavy wear? A. chisel shaped B. ever growingC. enlargement D. posterior E. A, B, and C Question 3 of 10 10.0 Points Match the suborder with correct list of representative taxa: 1. Sciuromorpha E. squirrels, mountain beaver, dormice 2. Castorimorpha C. beavers, pocket gophers, kangaroo rats 3. Myomorpha D. jerboas, spiny mice, gerbils, Old World rats and mice 4. Anomaluromorpha A. springhare, spiny-tailed flying squirrel 5. Hystricomorpha B. molerats, cavies, porcupines Question 4 of 10 10.0 Points Identify the mammalian order of this skull: A. Rodentia  B. Chiroptera  C. Lagomorpha  D. Soricomorpha  E. Perrissodactyla Question 5 of 10 10.0 Points Why are solenodons endangered? A. introduced predators B. habitat destruction C. water contamination from pesticide runoff D. A and B E. All of the above Question 6 of 10 10.0 Points What is the apparent advantage to the venomous saliva of several species of shrews and solenodons?A. Their venomous saliva breaks down muscle fibers of prey quickly. B. In antagonistic encounters with other males, the venomous saliva is used resulting in death of one of the males. C. The venomous saliva is used to defend against canid predators. D. Shrews and solenodons with venomous saliva are able to attack and consume prey much larger than themselves. E. There is no apparent advantage to the venom but rather it is a relict ancestral character. Question 7 of 10 10.0 Points What is the primary known function of the structure in this picture?  A. chemoreception  B. olfaction  C. electroreception D. touch reception  E. lactation Question 8 of 10 10.0 Points Which of the following is not a structure of a bat’s wing? A. Plagiopatagium B. Uropatagium C. Chiropatagium D. Propatagium E. Calcarpatagium Question 9 of 10 10.0 Points What are two key innovations of Chiroptera? A. Plantigrade motion and chemoreception B. Fossorial claws and mechanoreception C. Flight and echolocation D. Arboreal adapted digits and acute olfaction Question 10 of 10 10.0 Points Echolocation in most bat species is produced byA. the esophagus and is supersonic. B. wing motion and is audible. C. the larynx and is ultrasonic. D. the tragus and is hypersonic. Ch. 11-12 10/10 Question 1 of 10 10.0 Points A group of spider monkeys was studied for five years. The researchers mapped home ranges of individuals and found that males tended to stay in their natal areas. This life history pattern is called: A. neonatal B. dispersing C. phliopatric D. parapatric Question 2 of 10 10.0 PointsTogether "A" and B form the following on the structure above:  A. toothcomb  B. premolars  C. canines  D. inscisorsQuestion 3 of 10 10.0 Points Old World monkeys and humans are trichromatic. That means that they A. have three types of color sensing cones in the eyes. B. have three colors in their hair. C. have three sets of image forming brain structures. D. have three types of vocal pitches. Question 4 of 10 10.0 Points The chimpanzee has been the subject of considerable study. Which of the following is correct about chimpanzee behavior? A. Chimpanzees use primitive vocal communications. B. Chimpanzees will engage in in strategic group hunting for prey such as a solitary baboon. C. Chimpanzees will consistently act selfishly hoarding food resources for themselves. D. Chimpanzees form strict social groups that will not changes until death of one of the members. Question 5 of 10 10.0 Points Which statement about primates feeding behavior is most accurate? A. Primate species are rarely frugivorous. B. Most primate species are carnivorous. C. Most primate species are not carnivorous. D. All species are omnivorous. Question 6 of 1010.0 Points Primary adaptations of for the arboreal ecology of many primate species include: A. steroscopic vision. B. opposable hallux and pollex. C. mobile radius and ulna in the forelimb. D. All of the above. Question 7 of 10 10.0 Points Match the correct primate family with representative species. 1. Lemuridae B. lemurs 2. Cebidae D. tamarins, marmosets, capuchins 3. Cercopithecidae A. baboons, macaques, mangabeys 4. Hylobatidae C. gibbons Question 8 of 10 10.0 Points Culugos are crepuscular which means that they A. are intermittently nocturnal. B. are omnivorous. C. are subject to high predation pressure. D. are active during morning and evening twilight. Question 9 of 10 10.0 PointsWhich of the following is true about tupaiid treeshrews (Family Tupaiidae)? A. Tupaiid treeshrews are slow moving and rely on advanced olfaction to avoid predators. B. Tupaiid treeshrews are characteristically different from feather-tailed treeshrews in that tupaiid treeshrews are nocturnal and arboreal. C. Tupaiid treeshrews nurse their altricial young only every other day. D. Tupaiid treeshrews are found primarily in Africa. Question 10 of 10 10.0 Points Which of the following is not a shared derived characteristic of primates? A. Increased fetal brain size. B. Opposable thumbs and toes. C. Loss of canines and premolars from the ancestral condition. D. Steroscopic vision. Ch. 1-6 20/20 Question 1 of 20 5.0 Points Why have 400 new mammal species been discovered since 1993? A. discovery of new species in remote areas B. taxonomic revisions C. genetic analysis D. all of the above Question 2 of 205.0 Points A molecular clock can be used to estimate the time two species have diverged evolutionarily. The clock is based on differences between the species in: A. the number of shared-derived characters B. the number of silent genetic substitutions C. the number of morphological sympleiomorphies D. the number of anatomical synapomorphies Question 3 of 20 5.0 Points Homologous characteristics differ from analogous characteristics because A. homologous characteristics have a shared ancestry and analogous characteristics do not B. analogous characteristics have a shared ancestry and homologous characteristics do not C. analogous characteristics can be used to group species together in a cladogram and homologous characteristics can not D. none of the above Question 4 of 20 5.0 Points Which of the following is not a diagnostic characteristic of mammals? A. hair B. mammary glands C. endothermy D. small brain size Question 5 of 20 5.0 PointsThe teeth of most mammal species A. have generalized bibospheic molars. B. are primarily lophodont. C. can be used to understand that species' specific ecology. D. have the same dental formula. Question 6 of 20 5.0 Points During the Meozoic era, the first mammals were likely A. large and competed for food sources with dinosaurs. B. small and nocturnal. C. large and aquatic. D. small and diurnal. Question 7 of 20 5.0 Points Metatherian mammals contain these representative species: A. dugongs and sea cows. B. opossums, wombats, and kangaroos. C. solenodons, gymnures, and alamiquis. D. kangaroo rats, voles, and pacas. Question 8 of 20 5.0 Points Monotremes include the following taxaA. gibbons. B. hyraxes. C. feathertail gliders and feathertail possums. D. playpuses, echidnas, and spiny anteaters. Question 9 of 20 5.0 Points Platypus karyoptypes (chromosome sets) contain A. no X or Y chromosomes. B. 1 X and 1 Y chromosome. C. 5 X and 5 Y chromosomes. D. 10 X and 5 Y chromosomes. Question 10 of 20 5.0 Points You discover a new species and bring it back to the lab to document and describe. Lab results show an eye structure with a high proportion of rods and an ear structure with a very long external auditory meatus. You can conclude with relative confidence that the species likely belongs in the Order: A. Carnivora B. Pilosa C. Lagomorpha D. Tublindentata E. Cetacea Question 11 of 20 5.0 Points In early reptiles, which lower jaw bone became a bone in the middle ear of mammals?A. Dentary B. Occipital C. Parietal D. Quadrate E. Stapes Question 12 of 20 5.0 Points Which of the following is a primitive reproductive trait of Monotremes? A. The presence of an egg tooth. B. Oviparity. C. Lactation from lobules or abdominal fur. D. All of the above. E. None of the above. Question 13 of 20 5.0 Points Extant metatherians occur in A. Neotropics. B. South America. C. Australia. D. Tasmania. E. All of the above Question 14 of 20 5.0 Points Which of the following statements is the most correct?A. Although there are many convergent ecological equivalents between eutherians and metatherians, there are no flying or marine metatherians. B. Although restricted to Australian region and the Neotropics, metatherians are the most diverse and species rich group of mammals. C. Metatherians, as a convergent group with eutherians, demonstrate equal levels of social behavior including dominance hierarchies, cooperation in young rearing, and territoriality. D. The extended gestation of eutherians produces young that are more ecothermic than metatherians. E. Karyotypes have shown that metatherians have an equal number of chromosomes to eutherians. Question 15 of 20 5.0 Points The function of the marsupium is A. to provide a location for altricial young to attach to a nipple and grow. B. to provide an alternative to the bifid female reproductive tract for fertilization. C. to provide a form of male parental care. D. to provide resources for precocial young to undergo organogenesis. E. to provide a hatching place for the leathery egg of metatherians. Question 16 of 20 5.0 Points Old World jerboas and New World kangaroo rats have similar morphological traits that are due to convergent evolution. The appropriate term for these morphological traits is: A. symplesiomorphic B. analogous C. cladistic D. apomorphic E. homologousQuestion 17 of 20 5.0 Points Which of the following is not a diagnostic character of Mammalia? A. Accessory jaw bones shifted away from the dentary-squamosal joint in adults which become associated with cranium alone B. ecothermy C. mammary glands D. brain with divided optic nerves E. cerebellum folded Question 18 of 20 5.0 Points The changes of bones in the jaw region to become the ear part of the ear apparatus during the development of marsupials such as Monodelphis sp., demonstrates A. how ontogenic shifts remain constant across species. B. how phylogeny recapitulates ontogeny. C. how ontogeny recapitulated phylogeny. D. how metatherians are advanced mammals. Question 19 of 20 5.0 Points Monotremes are A. ovoviviparous. B. metatherian. C. eutherian. D. viviparous.E. oviparous. Question 20 of 20 5.0 Points Members of the Family Peramelidae (bandicoots) have what type of specialized foot morphology? A. The hindfoot has completely lost the ability to move in multiple planes. B. The hindfoot is functionally monodactyl increasing cursorial ability. C. The second and third digits in the hindfoot are joined by an interdigital membrane allowing the digits to act together. D. None of the digits in the hindfoot are reduced. Ch. 7-10 10/10 Question 1 of 10 10.0 Points The primary difference(s) between Asian elephants and African elephants is(are) that A. Asian elephants have smaller ears. B. African elephants have 21 ribs instead of 19 ribs. C. Asian elephants have flattened forehead. D. African elephants highest point is the shoulders. E. All of the above. Question 2 of 10 10.0 Points Which best describes eutherian mammals? A. Eutherian mammals have more species than metatherian mammals.B. Currently, the oldest known eutherian mammal fossil is from China and named <i>Eomaia scansoria</i>. C. Molecular phylogenetics suggests a single radiation of eutherian mammals. D. During the Cenozoic era eutherian mammals dominated all continents. E. A and B. F. All of the above. Question 3 of 10 10.0 Points Tenrecs are unique in their body temperature regulation which fluctuates. This type of thermoregulation is called: A. homothermic B. heterothermic C. synathermic D. ectothermic Question 4 of 10 10.0 Points The "scales" of pangolins are composed of A. bony shutes. B. agglutinated hair. C. hardened skin cells. D. modified appendages. Question 5 of 10 10.0 Points Why are manatee cheek teeth pushed forward and replaced?A. In order to replace front cheek teeth that wear out from eating highly abrasive grasses. B. In order to replace front cheek teeth that wear out from eating hard bivalves such as mussels and clams. C. It is a vestigial characteristics from Cretaceous ancestors. D. It is a shared characteristic with Australian rick wallaby. Question 6 of 10 10.0 Points Match the taxonomic group with the correct list of representative species. 1. Afrosoricida F. golden moles, tenrec, otter shrews 2. Macroscelidea A. sengis 3. Tubulidentata G. aardvarks 4. Proboscidea H. elephants 5. Sirenia C. manatees and dugongs 6. Hyracoidea B. hyraxes 7. Cingulata E. armadillos 8. Pilosa I. anteaters, sloths, and tamanduas 9. Pholidota D. pangolins Question 7 of 10 10.0 Points The manatee is a listed endangered species in the United States. What is not considered a cause of manatee endangerment? A. Epizootic infections caused by excess fertilizer induced dinoflagellate blooms. B. Boat propellers. C. Low reproductive rate. D. Early age at first reproduction.Question 8 of 10 10.0 Points Which of the following are thought to be adaptions for termite and ant feeding in aardvarks? A. Dentition simplification. B. Long sticky tongues. C. Long pinnae for enhanced auditory detection. D. A and B. E. All of the above. Question 9 of 10 10.0 Points Which xenarthan group contains the most generalized species in terms of feeding habit and locomotion? A. Family Cyclopedidae B. Family Manidae C. Family Dasypodidae D. Family Myrmecophaidae Question 10 of 10 10.0 PointsAccording to this partial cladogram, what group is most closely related to manatees?  A. Elephants.  B. Hyraxes.  C. Aardvarks.  D. Tree Shrews. E. None of the above.