Pyc2601
Exam
Preparation
Assignments:
01 and 02
Exams:
,Assignments:
QUESTION 1
Which of the following statement/s about the development of the ego is/are
INCORRECT, according to Freud's theory?
(1) The ego begins to develop during the first year of life and is fully developed by the
age of six.
(2) The ego begins to develop during the first year of life and continues to do so
throughout a person's life.
(3) The ego begins to develop during the first year of life and continues to do so
provided the individual does not become fixated at a particular stage.
(4) The ego begins to develop during the genital stage and continues to do so
throughout the remainder of a person's life.
QUESTION 2
Last week Tuesday things went terribly wrong for Ntswaki at work. When she got home,
she attacked her husband and their children verbally for no apparent reason. The
following day she accused them of being mean and inconsiderate. Which defence
mechanism was Ntswaki using according to Freud?
(1) Rationalization
(2) Projection
(3) Displacement
(4) Reaction formation
QUESTION 3
According to Freud, one of the differences between healthy and psychologically disturbed
people is in the types of defence mechanisms the two employ to cope with psychic
conflicts. Compared to disturbed individuals, psychologically healthy people are more
successful at employing the defence mechanisms of _____________.
(1) displacement and sublimation
(2) displacement and identification
(3) reaction formation and sublimation
(4) identification and rationalisation
QUESTION 4
Margie visits a therapist about her sudden compulsion to clean everything in sight. She
cleans her house twice a day and cannot relax if there is so much as an unwashed plate in
sight. She tells the therapist she is a devoted Christian and enjoys a close, warm
relationship with her boyfriend. Although the couple is comfortable about their decision to
,abstain from sexual relations until after marriage, Margie's compulsion for cleanliness and
neatness is causing disunion in the relationship.
18
According to Freud, Margie could be described as experiencing ________.
(1) neurotic anxiety
(2) reality anxiety
(3) neurotic and moral anxiety
(4) moral anxiety
QUESTION 5
Mr Wilson is described by his colleagues and staff as a perfectionist and a shrewd
businessman who has an amazing knack for saving his company vast sums of
money. He is methodical, organised and meticulous. According to Freud, Mr Wilson could
be described as having a/an _________.
(1) genital personality
(2) anal personality
(3) oral personality
(4) latent personality
QUESTIONS ON THE SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY
QUESTION 6
Which one of the following statements concerning observational learning is
INCORRECT?
1) The imitation of behaviour is determined by the consequences of the model's
behaviour, and the observer's cognitive processes.
2) Behaviour is acquired when the observer observes the model's behaviour and
regards the results of that behaviour positively.
3) Observational learning entails vicarious reinforcement, which means that the
observer's responses are positively reinforced.
4) Learning takes place through active elimination or weakening of undesirable
behaviour by means of aversive counter-conditioning
QUESTION 7
Boitumelo has just been informed about the death of her sister. Immediately after that, she
is called to the office by her manager, who knows nothing about her situation. Her
manager informs her that she has been promoted to a senior position (that she has been
looking forward to for many years but could not be promoted due to limited opportunities
for upward mobility in her firm). To her manager’s surprise, Boitumelo shows no signs of
excitement but instead just shakes her manager’s hand, thanks him and leaves the office.
, In terms of the social cognitive learning theory, reciprocal determinism is clearly
indicated in this story. This means that _____________
(1) regardless of the situation, people show a set pattern of individual differences.
(2) all behaviour and learning can be explained without any reference to needs or
conscious experiences.
(3) there is an interaction between the person, the situation and the person’s behaviour
(4) differences in behaviour are chiefly or exclusively attributed to the influence of the
situation
PYC2601/101
19
QUESTION 8
Simon belittles his wife, Kim, in front of their friends. Instead of the support that Simon
expects from the men, they side with his wife instead, and Simon feels rather
embarrassed at his behaviour. Barry, who witnesses this, decides never to humiliate his
wife in front of others. In terms of social cognitive learning theory, Barry’s decision is an
example of ____________.
(1) imitation.
(2) counter-imitation
(3) modelling
(4) punishment.
QUESTION 9
According to the social cognitive learning approach, an optimally developed person is
someone who ________
(1) compensates for effective functioning within a particular situation.
(2) has a realistic self-efficacy perception.
(3) can regulate own behavior by using societal standards.
(4) recognizes that his/her behavior should not be dictated by a specific cultural context.
QUESTION 10
Which person/s function/s optimally according to the social cognitive learning approach?
(a) Clare learned most of her behaviour through observational learning and she
functions only by receiving positive reinforcers.
(b) John has a realistic self-efficacy perception and neither overestimates nor
underestimates his own abilities.
(c) Doreen lives a very satisfactory, fulfilled and happy life of tension reduction, drive
reduction and homeostasis through effective use of defense mechanisms.
(d) Mary demonstrates respect for the standards held by members of her society.
Exam
Preparation
Assignments:
01 and 02
Exams:
,Assignments:
QUESTION 1
Which of the following statement/s about the development of the ego is/are
INCORRECT, according to Freud's theory?
(1) The ego begins to develop during the first year of life and is fully developed by the
age of six.
(2) The ego begins to develop during the first year of life and continues to do so
throughout a person's life.
(3) The ego begins to develop during the first year of life and continues to do so
provided the individual does not become fixated at a particular stage.
(4) The ego begins to develop during the genital stage and continues to do so
throughout the remainder of a person's life.
QUESTION 2
Last week Tuesday things went terribly wrong for Ntswaki at work. When she got home,
she attacked her husband and their children verbally for no apparent reason. The
following day she accused them of being mean and inconsiderate. Which defence
mechanism was Ntswaki using according to Freud?
(1) Rationalization
(2) Projection
(3) Displacement
(4) Reaction formation
QUESTION 3
According to Freud, one of the differences between healthy and psychologically disturbed
people is in the types of defence mechanisms the two employ to cope with psychic
conflicts. Compared to disturbed individuals, psychologically healthy people are more
successful at employing the defence mechanisms of _____________.
(1) displacement and sublimation
(2) displacement and identification
(3) reaction formation and sublimation
(4) identification and rationalisation
QUESTION 4
Margie visits a therapist about her sudden compulsion to clean everything in sight. She
cleans her house twice a day and cannot relax if there is so much as an unwashed plate in
sight. She tells the therapist she is a devoted Christian and enjoys a close, warm
relationship with her boyfriend. Although the couple is comfortable about their decision to
,abstain from sexual relations until after marriage, Margie's compulsion for cleanliness and
neatness is causing disunion in the relationship.
18
According to Freud, Margie could be described as experiencing ________.
(1) neurotic anxiety
(2) reality anxiety
(3) neurotic and moral anxiety
(4) moral anxiety
QUESTION 5
Mr Wilson is described by his colleagues and staff as a perfectionist and a shrewd
businessman who has an amazing knack for saving his company vast sums of
money. He is methodical, organised and meticulous. According to Freud, Mr Wilson could
be described as having a/an _________.
(1) genital personality
(2) anal personality
(3) oral personality
(4) latent personality
QUESTIONS ON THE SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY
QUESTION 6
Which one of the following statements concerning observational learning is
INCORRECT?
1) The imitation of behaviour is determined by the consequences of the model's
behaviour, and the observer's cognitive processes.
2) Behaviour is acquired when the observer observes the model's behaviour and
regards the results of that behaviour positively.
3) Observational learning entails vicarious reinforcement, which means that the
observer's responses are positively reinforced.
4) Learning takes place through active elimination or weakening of undesirable
behaviour by means of aversive counter-conditioning
QUESTION 7
Boitumelo has just been informed about the death of her sister. Immediately after that, she
is called to the office by her manager, who knows nothing about her situation. Her
manager informs her that she has been promoted to a senior position (that she has been
looking forward to for many years but could not be promoted due to limited opportunities
for upward mobility in her firm). To her manager’s surprise, Boitumelo shows no signs of
excitement but instead just shakes her manager’s hand, thanks him and leaves the office.
, In terms of the social cognitive learning theory, reciprocal determinism is clearly
indicated in this story. This means that _____________
(1) regardless of the situation, people show a set pattern of individual differences.
(2) all behaviour and learning can be explained without any reference to needs or
conscious experiences.
(3) there is an interaction between the person, the situation and the person’s behaviour
(4) differences in behaviour are chiefly or exclusively attributed to the influence of the
situation
PYC2601/101
19
QUESTION 8
Simon belittles his wife, Kim, in front of their friends. Instead of the support that Simon
expects from the men, they side with his wife instead, and Simon feels rather
embarrassed at his behaviour. Barry, who witnesses this, decides never to humiliate his
wife in front of others. In terms of social cognitive learning theory, Barry’s decision is an
example of ____________.
(1) imitation.
(2) counter-imitation
(3) modelling
(4) punishment.
QUESTION 9
According to the social cognitive learning approach, an optimally developed person is
someone who ________
(1) compensates for effective functioning within a particular situation.
(2) has a realistic self-efficacy perception.
(3) can regulate own behavior by using societal standards.
(4) recognizes that his/her behavior should not be dictated by a specific cultural context.
QUESTION 10
Which person/s function/s optimally according to the social cognitive learning approach?
(a) Clare learned most of her behaviour through observational learning and she
functions only by receiving positive reinforcers.
(b) John has a realistic self-efficacy perception and neither overestimates nor
underestimates his own abilities.
(c) Doreen lives a very satisfactory, fulfilled and happy life of tension reduction, drive
reduction and homeostasis through effective use of defense mechanisms.
(d) Mary demonstrates respect for the standards held by members of her society.
