PYC3705 Transformative Counselling Encounters (2021 - Semester 1 and Semester 2 - Assignment 4)

PYC3705 – Transformative Counselling 2021 – Semester 1 and Semester 2 – Assignment 4 Question #1: The concept of reflecting feelings as applied in counselling suggest ... a. that an understanding of the counselling process and its facilitation is something that is accomplished through internal dialogue. b. that counselling practices should reflect detachment of the counsellor’s self and make the process more visible. c. that counsellors should engage in constant scrutiny of “what they know” and “how they know”. d. that only the client’s frame of reference takes precedence in the counselling process. The correct answer is: 1. (b) and (d) 2. (a), (b) and (c) 3. (b), (c) and (d) 4. (a) and (c) Question #2 According to the Transformative Encounters study guide distinctive issues which arise from the experience of being a self-aware and existing human individual refer to ... 1. humanistic concerns 2. moral issues 3. meaninglessness 4. existential concerns Question #3: When people engage with and encounter others they bring parts of themselves into the context of relating and create new realities and ways of being that are peculiar to that interactional space. The concept that best describes this process is. 1. complexity 2. diversity 3. co-generation of relationships 4. traditions and habits Question #4: Collaborating across sectors is necessary and important because it - - - - - a. enables counsellors to recognise which counselling aspects are universal and which are specific to a professional group. b. draws attention to the usefulness of activating other professional role-players in order to adequately assist clients. c. improves knowledge of the network resources and multidisciplinary services that are available to enhance intervention services that can be rendered to clients. d. enables counsellors to become aware of biases and stereotypes and to question the limitations of their profession. The correct answer is: 1. (a) and (d) 2. (b) and (c) 3. (a), (b), (c) and (d) 4. (a), (b) and (d) Question 5: Counsellors who emphasise change in the number or amount of a characteristic of adult development give attention to ... ethics, while counsellors who emphasise and consider the effects of particular actions contexts give attention to ... ethics. 1. relational; normative 2. value; normative 3. moral; discontinuous 4. normative; relational Question 6: Mable, a beginning counsellor, has heard many counsellors talk about termination and checking out of counselling. She is worried that she may fall into a trap of terminating counselling too soon or that her termination would be inappropriate and jarring for the client. Which of the following indicators would you suggest she considers when timing the termination of a counselling relationship? a. Satisfaction that the necessary changes have taken place for the client and that the client is equipped and ready to move on. b. If counter-transference issues persistently interfere with the counselling process. c. If the stress that motivated the client to come for counselling has been reduced. d. If it appears that the client is not benefitting from counselling or that another counsellor may be better suited to take the counselling further. The correct answer is: 1. (a) and (c) 2. (a) 3. (a), (c) and (d) 4. All of (a), (b), (c) and (d) Question 7: Informed consent is important because - - - - - 1. It provides the participant with all the information regarding remote risks. 2. It enables the participant to understand vital information on the proposal trial. 3. It enables the researcher to recruit participants of his choice. 4. None of the above. Question 8: The metaphor of “dancing with change” as outlined in study unit 7 of your study guide, in essence, implies that the counsellor would - - - - - 1. prevent the client from experiencing too much emotional pain as pain can block the effectiveness of counselling. 2. realise that each person is responsible for solving his/her own problems and ultimately the decisions cannot be made in the counselling session. 3. explore, clarify and discover the client’s life experiences while at the same time allowing space for the client to create meaningful aspirations. 4. Respect the client’s need to be helped to solve his/her problems, while at the same time providing the necessary recipe for client’s self-development. Question 9: Which of the following scenarios may lead to role confusion in counselling according to the Normative Approach? 1. Meeting clients at any time of the day 2. Hugging a client at the end of a session 3. Declaring intimate romantic feelings to a client 4. All of the above (1, 2, 3 & 4) Question 10: In unpacking this statement “End route to becoming a counsellor, self-awareness and the ability to reflecting feelings look at our own experiences and how they influence our ideas and actions become essential ingredients of our learning process”, we get an impression that ... 1. we are, and we will always be a part of a broader relational network, and as counsellors we need to become acutely aware of this fact. 2. as counsellors, we need not bother ourselves about the effect that we have on our clients. 3. the process of self-transformation is an independent process and thus does not involve our clients 4. reflexivity entails avoiding to process our bad life experiences and focussing only on our positive experiences Question 11: The counsellor overhears two friends, Meme and Cindy, talking about their experiences in relation to their parents. They both expressed feelings of frustration and resentment. Another friend of theirs, Thato, joined them and immediately criticised them for talking so negatively about their parents. Meme and Cindy obviously felt misunderstood and judged by their friend. They also felt that she was unfair because she did not know why they said what they said about their parents. Which of the following reflections from the counselling framework would mark the counsellor’s impression of the conversation among the three friends? 1. Thato did not take the context within which Meme and Cindy’s comments were made into consideration before she voiced her opinion. 2. Meme and Cindy are disrespectful towards their parents as opposed to Thato who has good morals and values. 3. Thato effectively used the skill of confrontation. 4. The three friends are from diverse backgrounds and therefore there could never be similarities in their viewpoints. Question 12: During their counselling session, Mary, a novice counsellor, discovers that her client, Dudu’s experiences are similar to her own experiences and feels that it would be worthwhile for her to share her journey to recovery with Dudu. However, she was told that self-disclosure virtually always poses ethical problems in counselling as it is considered a boundary crossing. There are also other factors about self-disclosure that she was told about. Which of the following statements about self-disclosure would you align yourself with? 1. Mary can disclose to Dudu provided there are sound therapeutic reasons for doing so. 2. Self-disclosure is always counter-therapeutic, and Mary should not even give it a second thought. 3. Self-disclosure marks a shift from a therapeutic relationship to a social one, therefore, Mary would have to choose whether she would like to relate to Dudu therapeutically or socially. 4. Self-disclosure would be a therapeutic technique of choice as it will assist Dudu to take responsibility for her own situation. Question 13: One of the PYC3705 students came across the statement “Can I as a psychological counsellor survive on my own in the ‘jungle’ out there” when she was reading her study guide. This statement perturbed her a bit and she phoned one of the lecturers to discuss her encounter. In their discussion she discovered that there are quite a number of tools for survival for psychological counsellor which will essentially help them to survive in the ‘jungle’ and only a few of them are listed below: a. Familiarising yourself with the scope of practice of professionals and non-professionals in order to find out where you fit in. b. ascertaining when, where and how to refer cases which are beyond your scope of practice. c. Sourcing out supervision from an experienced and supportive supervisor who will guide you through your learning process. d. Liaising with colleagues and discussing issues over a cup of tea. Which of the above conditions do you think would help her to survive? 1. (a), (b) and (c) 2. (a) and (c) 3. None of (a), (b), (c) and (d) 4. All of (a), (b), (c) and (d) Question 14: Which of the following statements is true for the notion of “opening up the space” for the client within the counselling encounter? 1. The counsellor’s warmth, congruence and unconditional acceptance of the client irrespective of the client’s behaviour are essential in creating space for meaningful engagement. 2. Micro-skills should not be used early in the session as they may hinder the client from sharing his/her experiences. 3. A conducive and welcoming environment may create unrealistic expectations from the client’s side, therefore the counsellor needs to be cautious not to open up the space too early in his/her encounter with the client. 4. “Opening up the space” within a counselling context is an automatic process and it requires no effort from the counsellor, otherwise it becomes an artificial and incongruous act. Question 15: There are many ways, both internally and externally in which the counsellor can prepare for the counselling session with a client. ‘Preparation’ within a counselling context may mean that a counsellor should ensure that (amongst others), a. The counselling environment is as comfortable as possible with minimal distractions. b. Both the client and the counsellor are emotionally ready and prepared for the session to avoid missing each other’s train of thought during the counselling process. c. Physical security for both the client and the counsellor is considered if possible when preparing for the session, d. Counselling always takes place within an enclosed setting to ensure ultimate privacy for the client. The correct answer is: 1. (a), (c) and (d) 2. (a) and (d) 3. (a) and (c) 4. All of (a), (b), (c) and (d) Question 16: The Relational Approach argues that - - - - - 1. awareness of ethical codes and legal standards is not important. 2. this ethics is universal and absolute. 3. that ethical responsibility is not a necessary condition in a counselling relationship. 4. there is a complex medium through which decisions and interactions associated with a relationship are engaged with. Question 17: In line with the counselling framework, which one of the following micro-skills refers to the counsellor’s ability to hear and understand the client and to convey such understanding to the client? 1. Attentiveness 2. Advanced empathy 3. Acceptance 4. Empathy Question 18: To practice as a psychologist, you have to belong to: 1. A statutory body that registers psychologists. 2. A professional body representing psychologists. 3. A peer revision group. 4. All of (1), (2), (3) & (4). Question 19: Psychologists are expected to know the law that is relevant to what they do: 1. If it is in the Health Professions Act 56 of 1974. 2. If it is enshrined in legislation. 3. All of (1) & (2). 4. None of (1) & (2). Question 20: The following are important themes relevant to termination: 1. Termination is a means of maintaining changes already achieved. 2. Termination is a way of generalising problem-solving skills acquired in counselling. 3. Termination serves as a reminder that the client has matured. 4. All of (1), (2), (3) & (4).