PYC3701 Social Psychology (2021 - Semester 1 and Semester 2 - Assignment 4)

PYC3701 – Social Psychology 2021 – Semester 1 and Semester 2 – Assignment 4 Question #1: The basic motive to seek and maintain interpersonal relationships is known as ... 1. the affiliation need 2. the affect-centred model of attraction 3. the proportion of similarity 4. an adaptive response Question #2 Bruce has a relatively high need for affiliation. As such, he would likely ... 1. show Jess emotional involvement in a relationship 2. not express a desire to marry right after college 3. avoid people with undesirable physical characteristics 4. avoid making negative comments to fellow workers Question #3: The repeated exposure effect is LEAST likely to generate positive evaluation when the ... 1. individual being exposed has a relatively strong need to structure 2. stimulus initially generates strong negative affect 3. individual is consciously processing information about the stimulus 4. individual is not aware that expose has taken place Question 4: Why would participants in Langlois’ experiments rate the average of multiple faces as more attractive than the faces from which they were created? 1. The average face elicits a self-comparison from the participant. 2. The average face is perceived as closer to our schemas of women and men. 3. The average face avoids the stereotypes of any extreme face. 4. The average face is perceived as a whole, where as the extreme face is perceived in parts. Question 5: In several variations on Asch’s classic experiment, a standard-setting line was first presented to small groups of people, followed by the presentation of three comparison lines of different lengths. In one condition, two of three accomplices, posing as students, chose an incorrect answer before the subject could respond. The third accomplice sometimes chose a correct response and sometimes chose a more incorrect response. Under these conditions, respondents were more likely to choose the correct response. These results suggest ... 1. it becomes easier to resist conformity pressure once unanimity of the group is broken 2. group pressure to conform has only minimal effects on behaviour 3. it is not possible to resist conformity pressure 4. it becomes more difficult to resist conformity pressure once unanimity of the group is broken Question 6: When an auto dealer offers you an extra option as a ‘closer’ for a deal, the dealer is using ... 1. ingratiation 2. the foot-in-the-door technique 3. the door-in-the-face technique 4. the that’s not-all technique Question 7: All of the factors that bind group members together into a coherent social entity are collectively known as ... 1. social norms 2. social influences 3. cohesiveness 4. ingratiation Question 8: One of the factors associated with compliance is commitment. This is because we are more ... 1. willing to comply with requests from friends or from those we like than with requests from strangers or people we dislike 2. willing to comply with requests that call attention to scarcity than to those that do not 3. willing to comply with requests that result in behaviours we see as consistent with positions we have made a commitment to 4. likely to comply with requests from those whom we see as similar to ourselves in some way Question 9: People who see others picking up litter in a parking lot are less likely to litter themselves. This observation can best be explained by ... 1. descriptive normative theory 2. conformity pressure 3. normative focus theory 4. situational norms Question 10: What are the three distinct components of empathy? 1. Emotional empathy, empathic accuracy, empathic concern 2. Emotional accuracy, sympathetic responding, self-regulation 3. Self-regulation, emotional empathy, empathic concern 4. Emotional accuracy, sympathy, empathic concern Question 11: A common factor that increases the likelihood of helping behaviour irrespective of the bystander’s emotional state is a(n) ... 1. interesting or fun quality to the helping task 2. sense of independence and control 3. unambiguous need for help 4. sense of power Question 12: Ron and Elaine are walking down the street when they see someone helping an old man across the road. On the next block, they see a woman having difficulty in trying to get across the street. Elaine says, “We’d better give her a hand.” The woman who initially helped the old man ... 1. decreased the diffusion of responsibility 2. due to self-monitoring effects 3. helped increase other directed affect 4. acted as a prosocial model Question 13: According to the social learning perspective, people learn ... 1. which persons or groups are acceptable targets for aggression and what actions justify aggressive behaviour 2. that aggressive behaviours are always punished in the in the long run, but rewarded in the short run 3. that some groups encourage aggression against their members 4. that aggressive behaviours are always unacceptable Question 14: Drive theories of aggression suggest that ... 1. a fighting instinct in human males underlies most forms of aggression 2. males aggress against other males in order to obtain access to females 3. our death wish is redirected outwards towards others, causing aggression 4. external conditions arouse the motive to harm or injure others Question 15: The frustration-aggression hypothesis suggests that ... 1. the frustration leads to the arousal of an aggression drive 2. both frustration and aggression are innate human drives that cannot be easily controlled or eliminated 3. males aggress against other males in order to obtain access to females 4. frustration causes the activation of our fighting instincts Question 16: A bully’s victim usually ... 1. has less power than the bullies 2. sees aggression as an unreasonable approach to solving problems 3. can stop bullying behaviour if desired 4. has higher self-esteem than other Question 17: Entitativity refers to ... 1. the factors that cause group members to remain in the group 2. the collection of goals and outcomes that is common to all group members 3. the extent to which a group is perceived as being a coherent entity 4. a psychological state marked by reduced self-awareness and reduced social identity Question 18: Cohesiveness consists of all the ... 1. benefits of group membership minus all costs of group membership 2. factors that cause group members to remain members of the group 3. factors within a group that lead members to overvalue decisions made by the group and undervalue decisions made by individuals who are not part of the group 4. factors that encourage group members to leave the group Question 19: According to Zajonc’s drive theory of social facilitation, an audience will ... 1. have no effect on highly skilled individuals and improve the performance of less skillfull individuals 2. improve the performance of less skillful individuals and have no effect on the performance of less skillful individuals 3. improve the performance of less skillful individuals and interfere with the performance of highly skilled individuals 4. improve the performance of highly skilled individuals and interfere with the performance of less skillful individuals Question 20: Paul, Sarah, Deborah and George are working on a research paper for their social psychology class. They can reduce social loafing by ... 1. ensuring that each member of the group can do the work that is being done by other team members 2. having each team ember initial the parts of the paper she or he completed 3. emphasising the group nature of the project, and encouraging a relaxed cooperative approach to the task 4. discussing the issue of social facilitation before working on the paper