SPSS Notes
Reverse Scoring
Basic Descriptive Statistics
1
,Determining normality of distributions – use Explore
• Determines whether we use parametric (normal) or non-parametric (non-
normal) distribution techniques
Three ways to test:
1. Hypothesis testing (Kolmogorov-Smirnov or Shapiro-Wilks)
2. Descriptives (Skewness or Kurtosis)
3. Histograms
H0: Data is normally distributed
H1: Data is not normally distributed
Sample greater than 50 = Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Sample less 50 = Shapiro-Wilks
Report on (test) Statistic and Sig. (p-value) for the appropriate test
2
, Crosstabs, Reliability and Validity
3
Reverse Scoring
Basic Descriptive Statistics
1
,Determining normality of distributions – use Explore
• Determines whether we use parametric (normal) or non-parametric (non-
normal) distribution techniques
Three ways to test:
1. Hypothesis testing (Kolmogorov-Smirnov or Shapiro-Wilks)
2. Descriptives (Skewness or Kurtosis)
3. Histograms
H0: Data is normally distributed
H1: Data is not normally distributed
Sample greater than 50 = Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Sample less 50 = Shapiro-Wilks
Report on (test) Statistic and Sig. (p-value) for the appropriate test
2
, Crosstabs, Reliability and Validity
3
