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Samenvatting cel I: organische chemie Hoofdstuk 11

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Samenvatting cel I:organische chemie Hoofdstuk 11

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11. Organische reactiviteit – Oxidatie en reductie reacties


1. Inleiding


 Oxidatie: rijker aan zuurstof OG van C stijgt
 Reductie: rijker aan elektronen OG van C daalt

Oxidatie- reductie horen samen

 Afspraak: oxidatiegetal van C bepaald door relatieve EN van elementen op C;
 per binding naar een meer EN element stijgt OG met +1 (N,O,X)
 per binding naar een minder EN element daalt OG met -1 (M,H)
 Niet alle addities aan de ubbele binding veranderen de oxidatietoestand van de
molecule: individueel veranderen de OG van de C wel maar netto (voor de molecule in
zijn geheel) niet

2. Oxidatiereacties van alcoholen


 Men gebruikt sterke oxiderende reagentia (bv. kaliumpermanganaat, chroomtrioxide)
 = H+ en H- wordt onttrokken van de C en O betrokken in de C-OH binding en vormen H2

 Methylalcohol → formaldehyde


 Primair alcohol → aldehyde
 Aldehyden kunnen zelf verder geoxideerd w. door oxiderend reagens met vorming
van overeenkomstig carbonzuur
 daarom wordt deze manier niet echt gebruikt om aldehyden te produceren
 aldehyden zijn vluchtiger dan alcoholen en CZ, daarom destillatie gebruiken
om aldehyde er uit te koken
 Secundair alcohol → keton
 Tertiair alcohol → geen reactie




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