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VOLLEDIGE samenvatting van al de te kennen leerstof FARMACOLOGIE

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De volledige samenvatting van al de te kennen leerstof van het vak Farmacologie!

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FARMACOLOGIE PROF GUNS
FARMACODYNAMIEK

WAT IS EEN GENEESMIDDEL?
CONVENTIONELE GENEESMIDDELEN
= small molecules met een moleculair gewicht van +-500 D. Bv. aspirine (NSAIDs) en statines.

BIOLOGICALS (BIOLOGISCHE GENEESMIDDELEN)
Bv. insuline of EPO zijn hormonen die we kunnen namaken. Men kan ook Ab produceren. Deze zijn nog
veel groter. Bv. Pembrolizumab is een checkpoint inhibitor bij oncologie. Ze worden IV ingebracht want
de moleculen zijn niet stabiel genoeg om door het GI stelsel te gaan en ze zijn ook te groot om
opgenomen te worden door het epitheel van de darm.

Conventionele GM hebben een goede selectiviteit, de biologicals hebben een nog grotere specificiteit.

Biologicals eindigen op ‘mab’ en de naamgeving is afhankelijk of het een volledig muis Ab, chimeer,
gehumaniseerd of volledig humaan Ab is. Daarnaar past men de suffix aan. Ab met muizensequentie
hebben hogere risico’s om het IS te activeren, 100% humaan Ab hebben dat minder.




AANGRIJPINGSPUNTEN VAN GENEESMIDDELEN

NIET SPECIFIEK SPECIFIEK
- Fysisch-chemische werking - Receptoren
- Grote hoeveelheden nodig - Ion-kanalen
- Voorbeelden: - Opnamesystemen
o Antacida - Enzymen
o Bulklaxativa - (Gen therapie)
o Osmotische diuretica
o Actieve koolstof
o Plasmavervangers
o …
-

, INHIBITIE VAN ZUURSECRETIE
Antacida worden gebruikt bij verhoogde maagzuur productie als symptomatische behandeling om de
maagzuur protonen te neutraliseren. Het zijn zouten die zuur of protonen kunnen binden. Er zijn 2
types: (1) natrium bicarbonaat en (2) calciumcarbonaat, magnesiumhydroxide.. Natrium bicarbonaat
is een absorbeerbaar zout en zorgt dat de osmolariteit van het bloed stijgt, wat leidt tot hogere BD.
Niet-resorbeerbare zouten zijn daarom meer geschikt voor patiënten met hoge bloeddruk. De zouten
worden in hoge hoeveelheid toegediend en gaan aspecifiek de protonen binden.

Men kan maagzuur productie ook tegengaan door stoffen zoals sukralfaat of alginaat. Sukralfaat is een
polymeer en vormt een mechanisch laagje/barrière als bescherming voor de maagwand. Ook alginaat
is een polysaccharide en ‘drijft’ op de maagsappen. Hierdoor wordt de maag bovenaan afgesloten
waardoor maagzuur minder naar de oesofagus kan verplaatsen.Proton pomp inhibitoren werken
rechtstreeks in op de maagzuur productie.




AANGRIJPINGSPUNTEN VAN GENEESMIDDELEN
CHEMISCHE SELECTIVITEIT
Angiotensine 2 heeft een specifieke ruimtelijke configuratie en werkt
in op een receptor: agonist-receptor interactie als een sleutel op slot.
De configuratie is sterk afhankelijk van de chemische samenstelling.

- Verandering van 8 AZ naar 7 AZ → inactief
- Verandering van een L-AZ naar een D-AZ → inactief

BIOLOGISCHE SPECIFICITEIT
Angiotensine II receptoren komen voor thv bloedvaten maar niet
thv het GI stelsel. Activatie van de receptoren geeft vasoconstrictie en heeft geen effect in het GI
systeem. Angiotensine II blockers (sartanen) worden toegepast bij hypertensie, zonder effect op het
GI stelsel.

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I used this summary in addition to maps of the medicines. This summary shows all the information very clearly and is in line with what the professors tell you in class. I passed pharmacology with this summary (and with the flashcards).

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