NSG 318 FINALS EXAMS 2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔spironolactone drug interactions - ✔✔-K+ supplements: inc serum K+
-inc effects of anti-hypertensives and lithium
-ACE inhibitor: hyperkalemia (life threatening)
✔✔spironolactone side effects - ✔✔CNS and GI effects, muscle cramps, severe
hyperkalemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatotoxicity, Stevens Johnson
✔✔spironolactone interventions - ✔✔-advise pt with high serum K+ levels to avoid
foods high in K+
-administer in AM to avoid nocturia
-observe for hyperkalemia
-monitor urinary output
-don't take OTC K+ diuretics
✔✔CAMS that dec BP - ✔✔-Hawthorne
-Parsley
-Licorice
-Goldenseal
✔✔CAMS that inc BP - ✔✔-Gingko
-Ephedra
✔✔CAMS that dec K+ - ✔✔-Licorice
-Aloe
✔✔nonpharmacologic therapy of hypertension - ✔✔-stress reduction techniques
-exercise
-salt restriction
-dec alcohol ingestion
-smoking cessation
✔✔how long are antihypertensives taken - ✔✔BP meds are likely to be taken for the
rest of the patient's life
✔✔Metoprolol class - ✔✔beta-1 blocker
✔✔metoprolol use - ✔✔control hypertension, acute MI, angina, and HF
✔✔metoprolol action - ✔✔promotes BP reduction via beta 1 blocking effects by also dec
pulse
,✔✔Metoprolol Contraindications - ✔✔heart block, cardiogenic shock, hypotension,
acute HF, bradycardia
caution w hepatic/thyroid dysfunction, asthma, PVD, DM, COPD, cerebrovascular
disease
✔✔metoprolol side effects/adverse reactions - ✔✔CNS and GI effects, dry mouth,
blurred vision, insomnia, tinnitus, ED
Bradycardia, hypotension, stroke, thrombocytopenia, DM, AV heart block,
bronchospasm, HF
✔✔metoprolol interventions - ✔✔-don't stop abruptly (rebound hypertension)
-monitor BUN, serum creatinine, AST, and LDL
-teach pt they will probably be taking this for the rest of their life
✔✔prazosin hydrochloride class - ✔✔alpha adrenergic blocker
✔✔prazosin hydrochloride use - ✔✔control hypertension
✔✔prazosin hydrochloride action - ✔✔dilates peripheral blood vessels by blocking
alpha adrenergic receptors
✔✔prazosin hydrochloride contraindications - ✔✔caution: priapism, angina, ortho
hypotension, syncope, ocular surgery, pregnancy
✔✔prazosin hydrochloride side effects/adverse reactions - ✔✔CNS and GI effects,
tinnitus, dry mouth, peripheral edema, ED, urinary incontinence, palpitations,
pancreatitis, elevated liver enzymes
✔✔prazosin hydrochloride drug interactions - ✔✔-Antihypertensives, Nitrates, Diuretics,
and alcohol: inc hypotensive effects
-NSAIDs: dec effects
✔✔prazosin hydrochloride interventions - ✔✔-monitor urine output (less than 600mL is
concerning-renal failure)
-observe for rebound hypertension if abruptly stopped
-do not take OTC cold, cough, or allergy meds without consulting with HCP
-dec salt intake
✔✔lisinopril class - ✔✔ACE inhibitor
✔✔lisinopril use - ✔✔tx hypertension
✔✔lisinopril action - ✔✔inhibits formation of angiotensin 2 and blocks release of
aldosterone
, ✔✔lisinopril contraindications - ✔✔hyperkalemia and pregnancy
✔✔lisinopril should not be combined with ________ because it can cause hyperkalemia
- ✔✔spironolactone
✔✔lisinopril side effects/adverse reactions - ✔✔cough, CNS effects, orthostatic
hypotension, angioedema
✔✔lisinopril drug interactions - ✔✔-NSAIDs: dec antihypertensive act.
-K+ sparing diuretics: hyperkalemia
✔✔lisinopril food interactions - ✔✔-excessive intake of foods rich in K+ and K+ based
salt substitutes: hyperkalemia
✔✔lisinopril interventions - ✔✔-assess BP before admin
✔✔valsartan class - ✔✔Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARBs)
✔✔valsartan use - ✔✔tx of hypertension and HF
✔✔valsartan action - ✔✔potent vasodilator that inhibits binding of angiotensin II
✔✔valsartan contraindications - ✔✔-black box warning for pregnancy
caution w renal/hepatic impairments, hypotension, HF, hypovolemia, hyperkalemia
✔✔valsartan drug interaction - ✔✔-Anti-hypertensives, diuretics, MAOIs, and alc: may
inc hypotensive effects
-ACE inhibitors and aspirin: may inc hyperkalemia and renal dysfunction
-Digoxin and NSAIDs: may inc renal dusfunction
✔✔valsartan side effects/adverse reactions - ✔✔CNS effects, palpitations, abdominal
and back pain, arthralgia, ED, hyperkalemia, Rhabdomyolysis, neutropenia
✔✔anticoagulants - ✔✔-Prevent the formation of new clots
-don't dissolve clots
-used in pt. with venous and arterial disorders
✔✔antiplatelets (antithrombotics) - ✔✔prevent platelet aggregation (prevent thrombosis
in arteries)
-mainly for prophylactic use to:
prevent MI/stroke for clients with family hx
prevent repeat MI/stroke
prevent stroke for clients having TIAs
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔spironolactone drug interactions - ✔✔-K+ supplements: inc serum K+
-inc effects of anti-hypertensives and lithium
-ACE inhibitor: hyperkalemia (life threatening)
✔✔spironolactone side effects - ✔✔CNS and GI effects, muscle cramps, severe
hyperkalemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatotoxicity, Stevens Johnson
✔✔spironolactone interventions - ✔✔-advise pt with high serum K+ levels to avoid
foods high in K+
-administer in AM to avoid nocturia
-observe for hyperkalemia
-monitor urinary output
-don't take OTC K+ diuretics
✔✔CAMS that dec BP - ✔✔-Hawthorne
-Parsley
-Licorice
-Goldenseal
✔✔CAMS that inc BP - ✔✔-Gingko
-Ephedra
✔✔CAMS that dec K+ - ✔✔-Licorice
-Aloe
✔✔nonpharmacologic therapy of hypertension - ✔✔-stress reduction techniques
-exercise
-salt restriction
-dec alcohol ingestion
-smoking cessation
✔✔how long are antihypertensives taken - ✔✔BP meds are likely to be taken for the
rest of the patient's life
✔✔Metoprolol class - ✔✔beta-1 blocker
✔✔metoprolol use - ✔✔control hypertension, acute MI, angina, and HF
✔✔metoprolol action - ✔✔promotes BP reduction via beta 1 blocking effects by also dec
pulse
,✔✔Metoprolol Contraindications - ✔✔heart block, cardiogenic shock, hypotension,
acute HF, bradycardia
caution w hepatic/thyroid dysfunction, asthma, PVD, DM, COPD, cerebrovascular
disease
✔✔metoprolol side effects/adverse reactions - ✔✔CNS and GI effects, dry mouth,
blurred vision, insomnia, tinnitus, ED
Bradycardia, hypotension, stroke, thrombocytopenia, DM, AV heart block,
bronchospasm, HF
✔✔metoprolol interventions - ✔✔-don't stop abruptly (rebound hypertension)
-monitor BUN, serum creatinine, AST, and LDL
-teach pt they will probably be taking this for the rest of their life
✔✔prazosin hydrochloride class - ✔✔alpha adrenergic blocker
✔✔prazosin hydrochloride use - ✔✔control hypertension
✔✔prazosin hydrochloride action - ✔✔dilates peripheral blood vessels by blocking
alpha adrenergic receptors
✔✔prazosin hydrochloride contraindications - ✔✔caution: priapism, angina, ortho
hypotension, syncope, ocular surgery, pregnancy
✔✔prazosin hydrochloride side effects/adverse reactions - ✔✔CNS and GI effects,
tinnitus, dry mouth, peripheral edema, ED, urinary incontinence, palpitations,
pancreatitis, elevated liver enzymes
✔✔prazosin hydrochloride drug interactions - ✔✔-Antihypertensives, Nitrates, Diuretics,
and alcohol: inc hypotensive effects
-NSAIDs: dec effects
✔✔prazosin hydrochloride interventions - ✔✔-monitor urine output (less than 600mL is
concerning-renal failure)
-observe for rebound hypertension if abruptly stopped
-do not take OTC cold, cough, or allergy meds without consulting with HCP
-dec salt intake
✔✔lisinopril class - ✔✔ACE inhibitor
✔✔lisinopril use - ✔✔tx hypertension
✔✔lisinopril action - ✔✔inhibits formation of angiotensin 2 and blocks release of
aldosterone
, ✔✔lisinopril contraindications - ✔✔hyperkalemia and pregnancy
✔✔lisinopril should not be combined with ________ because it can cause hyperkalemia
- ✔✔spironolactone
✔✔lisinopril side effects/adverse reactions - ✔✔cough, CNS effects, orthostatic
hypotension, angioedema
✔✔lisinopril drug interactions - ✔✔-NSAIDs: dec antihypertensive act.
-K+ sparing diuretics: hyperkalemia
✔✔lisinopril food interactions - ✔✔-excessive intake of foods rich in K+ and K+ based
salt substitutes: hyperkalemia
✔✔lisinopril interventions - ✔✔-assess BP before admin
✔✔valsartan class - ✔✔Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARBs)
✔✔valsartan use - ✔✔tx of hypertension and HF
✔✔valsartan action - ✔✔potent vasodilator that inhibits binding of angiotensin II
✔✔valsartan contraindications - ✔✔-black box warning for pregnancy
caution w renal/hepatic impairments, hypotension, HF, hypovolemia, hyperkalemia
✔✔valsartan drug interaction - ✔✔-Anti-hypertensives, diuretics, MAOIs, and alc: may
inc hypotensive effects
-ACE inhibitors and aspirin: may inc hyperkalemia and renal dysfunction
-Digoxin and NSAIDs: may inc renal dusfunction
✔✔valsartan side effects/adverse reactions - ✔✔CNS effects, palpitations, abdominal
and back pain, arthralgia, ED, hyperkalemia, Rhabdomyolysis, neutropenia
✔✔anticoagulants - ✔✔-Prevent the formation of new clots
-don't dissolve clots
-used in pt. with venous and arterial disorders
✔✔antiplatelets (antithrombotics) - ✔✔prevent platelet aggregation (prevent thrombosis
in arteries)
-mainly for prophylactic use to:
prevent MI/stroke for clients with family hx
prevent repeat MI/stroke
prevent stroke for clients having TIAs
