NSG 318 LATEST 2026.pdf 1. Document information

NSG 318 LATEST 2026/2027 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Nursing Considerations for doxycycline - ✔✔Monitor for photosensitivity, assess for
signs of esophageal irritation, and educate patients to avoid prolonged sun exposure.
Caution in pregnancy.

✔✔Aminoglycoside - ✔✔Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis; bactericidal effect

✔✔Prototype of Aminoglycoside - ✔✔gentamicin

✔✔Indications for Aminoglycoside - ✔✔Serious respiratory, skin, urinary, bone/joint,
intraabdominal infections, Plague, Bacteremia, Septicemia, Endocarditis, Meningitis,
Hepatic encephalopathy

✔✔Side Effects of Aminoglycoside - ✔✔Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash

✔✔Adverse Reactions of Aminoglycoside - ✔✔Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

✔✔Contraindications for Aminoglycoside - ✔✔Ototoxicity risk (especially in renal
failure), pregnancy (use with caution), elderly patients at higher risk

✔✔CAMS for Aminoglycoside - ✔✔Ginseng, Garlic-increased risk of Nephrotoxicity,
ototoxicity

✔✔Nursing Considerations for Aminoglycoside - ✔✔Assess renal function closely,
especially in elderly patients. Monitor for ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, and avoid co-
administration with other nephrotoxic drugs. Encourage fluids! Helps to flush the
kidneys.

✔✔Quinolone - ✔✔Inhibits the enzyme DNA gyrase, which is needed for bacterial DNA
synthesis; bactericidal effect

✔✔Prototype of Quinolone - ✔✔levofloxacin

✔✔Indications for Quinolone - ✔✔Anthrax, plague, skin, soft-tissue, bone/joint,
gynecologic, intrabdominal, urinary, and respiratory tract infections

✔✔Side Effects of Quinolone - ✔✔Nausea, diarrhea, headache, dizziness

✔✔Adverse Reactions of Quinolone - ✔✔Tendon rupture, QT prolongation, seizures

✔✔Contraindications for Quinolone - ✔✔tendon rupture, history of seizures, caution in
those with renal impairment, pregnancy (use with caution)

,✔✔CAMS for Quinolone - ✔✔St. John's Wort, Magnesium, Dairy, calcium, iron
supplements - reduced effectiveness, reduced absorption, treatment failure

✔✔Nursing Considerations for Quinolone - ✔✔Monitor for tendon rupture and QT
prolongation, assess renal function, and educate patients to avoid strenuous physical
activity. Use caution in pregnant patients.

✔✔Sulfonamide - ✔✔Inhibits folic acid synthesis and protein synthesis of nucleic acids;
bactericidal effect

✔✔Prototype of Sulfonamide - ✔✔trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ)

✔✔Indications for Sulfonamide - ✔✔Otitis media, Meningitis, Respiratory and Urinary
tract infections, MRSA. Compounded (these are two drugs compounded into one) -
taken together to improve absorption and reduce resistance

✔✔Side Effects of Sulfonamide - ✔✔Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash

✔✔Adverse Reactions of Sulfonamide - ✔✔Kidney impairment

✔✔Contraindications for Sulfonamide - ✔✔Allergy to sulfonamides, severe renal or
hepatic impairment, blood disorders

✔✔CAMS for Sulfonamide - ✔✔St. John's Wort, Garlic - Reduced effectiveness,
inadequate treatment, blood disorders

✔✔Nursing Considerations for Sulfonamide - ✔✔Monitor renal and hepatic function,
assess for signs of allergic reactions, and educate patients to drink plenty of fluids.
Monitor for blood disorders.

✔✔Antitubercular - ✔✔Bactericidal; inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by interfering
with lipid and DNA synthesis.

✔✔Prototype of Antitubercular - ✔✔isoniazid (INH)

✔✔Indications for Antitubercular - ✔✔Active TB, Prophylaxis against TB

✔✔Side Effects of Antitubercular - ✔✔Nausea, vomiting, liver toxicity, neuropathy

✔✔Adverse Reactions of Antitubercular - ✔✔Liver toxicity, peripheral neuropathy, visual
disturbances

, ✔✔Contraindications for Antitubercular - ✔✔Severe liver disease, alcohol use (can
worsen liver toxicity), pregnancy (use with caution)

✔✔CAMS for Antitubercular - ✔✔Echinacea, Garlic -Liver toxicity, reduced immune
function. Even though the book says to take with food to avoid GI upset, we teach to
wait 1-2 hours before or after dose to eat so that it is better absorbed!

✔✔Nursing Considerations for Antitubercular - ✔✔Monitor liver function regularly,
especially with chronic use. Educate patients to avoid alcohol during treatment due to
potential liver toxicity. Treatment is very long term! Can be months to years! Patients
must take B6 supplements.

✔✔Antifungal Antibiotic - ✔✔Binds to sterols (ergosterol) causing the loss of
intracellular potassium and other cellular contents

✔✔Prototype of Antifungal Antibiotic - ✔✔nystatin

✔✔Indications for Antifungal Antibiotic - ✔✔Treatment of oral and skin fungal infections

✔✔Side Effects of Antifungal Antibiotic - ✔✔Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (especially with
oral suspension), mild skin irritation with topical use.

✔✔Adverse Reactions - ✔✔Rare-well tolerated; topical: prutitus, urticaria, rash,
hyperglycemia

✔✔Contraindications - ✔✔Diabetes mellitus, paraben hypersensitivity, breastfeeding

✔✔Nursing Considerations for Oral Suspension - ✔✔Used for oral thrush. Swish in the
mouth for several minutes before swallowing. Continue treatment 48 hours after
symptoms resolve.

✔✔Lozenges (troches) - ✔✔Dissolve slowly in the mouth for oral fungal infections

✔✔Topical cream/ointment/powder - ✔✔Used for cutaneous fungal infections

✔✔Tablets - ✔✔For intestinal candidiasis, but not commonly used

✔✔Vaginal suppositories - ✔✔For vaginal candidiasis (less common since azoles are
preferred)

✔✔CLASS: Azole Antifungal - ✔✔Prototype: fluconazole

✔✔MOA of Fluconazole - ✔✔Increases permeability of the fungal cell membrane by
inhibiting ergosterol synthesis