NSG-316 Exam 3 Questions and Answers
with Verified Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
Myocardium heart muscle that surrounds ventricles and
atrium
Atria are thinner as they need to pump less
strong
pericardium external layer that protects heart from
injury/infection
endocardium 3 layered membrane that lines heart
chambers
blockage of coronary arteries can heart attack or stroke
lead to
heart failure increased pressure of cardiac overload
-pulm congestion
-inc amount of blood in pulm capillaries
Left sided heart failure dyspnea/SOB, pulmonary edema
right sided heart failure blood back up in the periphery and will
present
with edema
,cardiomegaly abnormal enlargement of the heart due to
over
working to compensate for decreased
function
frequency high pitched or low pitched
what should you use the high pitched, normal sounds
diaphragm
of a stethoscope for
what should you use the bell of a low pitched, abnormal heart sounds,
stethoscope for murmurs
intensity/loudness loud or soft
duration short heart sounds, or silent periods
timing systole or diastole
carotid artery/pulse found in the neck. feel one at a time. S1 is
felt
what is the most diminished pulse pedal pulse
in
the aging adult
normal heart sounds S1 and S2
, S1 heart sound -occurs with closure of mitral and tricuspid
valves
(AV valve)
-"lub" sound
-loudest at apex (5th intercostal space at
midclavicular line)
S2 heart sound -occurs with closure of aortic and pulmonic
valves
(semilunar valves)
-"dub" sound
-loudest at base of heart (2nd intercostal
space)
abnormal heart sounds S3 and S4 sounds, murmurs, and bruits
S3 heart sounds -not usually heard
-gallop sound
-indication of HF
-occurs with ventricular resistance of filling
S4 heart sounds -create vibrations
-can be heard right before S1 sound
-occurs at end of diastole when ventricles
resist
filling
murmurs -from turbulent blood flow
-heard directly over heart
-gentle blowing/swooshing sound
with Verified Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
Myocardium heart muscle that surrounds ventricles and
atrium
Atria are thinner as they need to pump less
strong
pericardium external layer that protects heart from
injury/infection
endocardium 3 layered membrane that lines heart
chambers
blockage of coronary arteries can heart attack or stroke
lead to
heart failure increased pressure of cardiac overload
-pulm congestion
-inc amount of blood in pulm capillaries
Left sided heart failure dyspnea/SOB, pulmonary edema
right sided heart failure blood back up in the periphery and will
present
with edema
,cardiomegaly abnormal enlargement of the heart due to
over
working to compensate for decreased
function
frequency high pitched or low pitched
what should you use the high pitched, normal sounds
diaphragm
of a stethoscope for
what should you use the bell of a low pitched, abnormal heart sounds,
stethoscope for murmurs
intensity/loudness loud or soft
duration short heart sounds, or silent periods
timing systole or diastole
carotid artery/pulse found in the neck. feel one at a time. S1 is
felt
what is the most diminished pulse pedal pulse
in
the aging adult
normal heart sounds S1 and S2
, S1 heart sound -occurs with closure of mitral and tricuspid
valves
(AV valve)
-"lub" sound
-loudest at apex (5th intercostal space at
midclavicular line)
S2 heart sound -occurs with closure of aortic and pulmonic
valves
(semilunar valves)
-"dub" sound
-loudest at base of heart (2nd intercostal
space)
abnormal heart sounds S3 and S4 sounds, murmurs, and bruits
S3 heart sounds -not usually heard
-gallop sound
-indication of HF
-occurs with ventricular resistance of filling
S4 heart sounds -create vibrations
-can be heard right before S1 sound
-occurs at end of diastole when ventricles
resist
filling
murmurs -from turbulent blood flow
-heard directly over heart
-gentle blowing/swooshing sound
