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3 -/ - /- 3
(r18a0425) wireless communications and networks
course objectives
1. to provide the students with the fundamental treatment about many practical and theoretical
concepts that forms basic of wireless communication to equip the students with various kinds
of wireless networks and its operations.
2. to prepare the students to understand the concept of frequency reuse and be able to apply it
in the design of mobile cellular system
3. to prepare the students to understand va rious modulation schemes and multiple access
techniques that are used in wireless communications
4. to provide an analytical perspective on the design and analysis the traditional and emerging
wireless networks and to discuss the nature of and solution methods to the fundamental
problems in the wireless networking
5. to train the students to understand the architecture and operation of va rious wireless wan such
as gsm, is-95, gprs and sms
6. to train students to understand wireless lan architectures and operations
7. to prepare students to understand the emerging technique ofdm and its importance in the
wireless communications
unit -i
introduction to wireless communication systems: evolution of mobile radio communications, exa mples of
wireless communication systems-paging systems, cordless telephone systems, cellular telephone systems,
comparison of common wireless communication systems, trends in cellular radio and personal
communications. modern wireless communication systems: second generat ion (2g) cellular netwo rks, third
generation (3g) wireless networks, w ireless local loop (w ll) and lmds, wireless local area networks
(wlans), bluetooth and personal area networks (pans).
unit –ii:
mobile radio propagation: large-scale path loss: introduction to radio wave propagation, free space
propagation model, relating power to electric field, the three basic propagation mechanisms, reflection-
reflection from dielectrics, brewster angle, reflection from prefect conductors, ground reflection (two -
ray) model, diffraction-fresnel zone geo metry, knife- edge diffraction model, multiple knife -edge
diffraction, scattering, outdoor propagation models -longley ryce model, okumura model, hata model, pcs
extension to hata model, walfisch and bertoni model, wideband pcs microcell model, indoor propagation
models- partition losses (same floor), partition losses between floors, log-distance path loss model,
ericsson multiple breakpoint model, attenuation factor model, signal penetration into buildings, ray
tracing and site specific modeling.
unit –iii:
mobile radio propagation: small –scale fading and multipath small scale multipath propagation-factors
influencing small scale fading, doppler shift, impulse response model of a multipath channel-relationship
between bandwidth and received power, small-scale multipath measurements-direct rf pulse system,
spread spectrum sliding correlator channel sounding, frequency domain channels sounding, parameters of
mobile multipath
malla reddy college of engineering and technology (autonomous) 183
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b.tech – (ece) r - 18
channels-time dispersion parameters, coherence bandwidth, doppler spread and coherence time, types of
small-scale fading-fading effects due to multipath time delay spread, flat fading, frequency selective
fading, fading effects due to doppler spread-fast fading, slow fading, statistical models for multipath
fading channels-clarke‗s model for flat fading, spectral shape due to doppler spread in clarke‗s model,
simulation of clarke and gans fading model, level crossing and fading statistics, two-ray rayleigh fading
model.
unit –iv
wi-fi and the ieee 802.11 wireless lan standard: ieee 802 architecture, ieee 802.11
architecture and services, 802.11medium access control, 802.11 physical layer, other
ieee
802.11 standards, wi-fi protected access. bluetooth and ieee 802.15: overview, radio specification,
baseband specification, link manager specification, logical link control and adaptation protocol, ieee
802.15.
unit -v
mobile data networks: introduction, data oriented cdpd network, gprs and higher data rates, short
messaging service in gs m, mobile application protocols. wireless atm & hiperlan: introduction, wireless
atm, hiperlan, hiperlan-2.
text books:
1. theodore s. rappaport (2002), wireless communications -principles practice,2nd edition, prentice hall
of india, new delhi.
2. william stallings (2009), wireless communications and networks,2nd edition, pearson
education, india.
3. kaveh pahlaven, prashanth krishna murthy (2007), principles of wireless networks -a
unified approach, pearson education, india.
reference books:
1. dr. kamilo feher (2003), wireless digital communications, prentice hall of india, newdelhi.
2. jochen schiller (2009), mobile communications, 2nd edition, pearson education, india.3.andreas
f. molisch (2006), wireless communications, wiley –india, new delhi. course outcomes
upon completion of the course the student will be able to:
1. understand the principles of wireless communications
2. understand fundamentals of wireless networking
3. understand cellular system design concepts
4. analyze various multiple access schemes using wireless communication
5. understand wireless wans and their performance analysis
6. demonstrate wireless lan and their specifications
7. familiar with some of the existing and emerging wireless standards
8. understand the concept of ofdm
malla reddy college of engineering and technology (autonomous) 184
, Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material
unit - 1
introduction to wireless communication systems
the ability to communicate with people on the move has evolved remarkably since gug lielmo marconi first
demonstrated radio‘s ability to provide continuous contact with ships sailing the english channel in 1897.
since then new w ireless communications methods and services have been enthusiastically adopted by people
throughout the world. particularly during the past ten years, the mobile radio communications industry has
grown by orders of magnitude, fueled by digital and rf circuit fabrication improvements, new large -scale
circuit integration, and other miniaturization technologies which make portable radio equipment smaller ,
cheaper, and more reliable. digital switching techniques have facilitated the large scale deployment of
affordable, easy-to-use radio communication networks.
evolution of mobile radio communications
the ability to provide wireless communications to an entire population was not even conceived until bell
laboratories developed the cellular concept in the 1960s and 1970s. with the development of highly reliable,
miniature, solid-state radio frequency hardware in the 1970s, the wireless communications era was born.
the following market penetration data show how wireless communications in the consumer sector has
grown in popularity. figure 1.1 illustrates how mobile telephony has penetrated our daily lives compared with
other popular inventions of the 20th century. figure 1.1 shows that the first 35 years of mobile telephony
saw little market penetration due to high cost and the technological challenges involved, but however, in the past
decade, wireless communications has been accepted by cons umers at rates comparable to television and the
video cassette recorder.
figure 1.1. the growth of mobile telephony as compared with other popular inventions of the 20th
century.
• by 1934, 194 municipal police radio systems and 58 state police stations had adopted amplitude
modulation (am) mobile communication systems for public safety in the u.s.
• in 1935, edwin armstrong demonstrated frequency modulation (fm) for the first time, and since
the late 1930s, fm has been the primary modulation technique used for mobile communication systems
throughout the world.
• with the boom in cb radio and cordless appliances such as garage door openers and telephones,
the number of users of mobile and portable radio in 1995 was about 100 million, or 37% of the
u.s. population
• the number of worldwide cellular telephone users grew from 25,000 in 1984 to about 25 million in
1993, and since then subscription-based wireless services have been experiencing customer growth
rates well in excess of 50% per year. at the beginning of the 21st century, over 1% of the
worldwide w ireless subscriber population had already abandoned wired telephone service for
home use, and had begun to rely solely on their cellular service provider for telephone access.
mobile radiotelephony in the u.s.
in 1946, the first public mobile telephone service was introduced in twenty -five major american cities. each
system used a single, high-powered transmitter and large tower in order to cover distances of over 50 km
in a particular market. during the 1950s and 1960s, at&t bell laboratories and other telecommunications
companies throughout the world developed the theory and techniques of cellular radiotelephony —the
concept of breaking a coverage zone (market) into small cells, each of which reuse portions of the spectrum
to increase spectrum usage at the expense of greater system infrastructure. at&t proposed the concept of a
cellular mobile system to the fcc in 1968, although technology was not available to implement cellular
telephony until the late 1970s. in 1983, the fcc finally allocated 666 duplex channels (40 mhz of spectrum in
the 800 mhz band, each channel having a one-way bandwidth of 30 khz for a total spectrum occupancy of
60 khz for each duplex channel) for the u.s. advanced mobile phone system (amps).
, Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material
3 -/ - /- 3
(r18a0425) wireless communications and networks
course objectives
1. to provide the students with the fundamental treatment about many practical and theoretical
concepts that forms basic of wireless communication to equip the students with various kinds
of wireless networks and its operations.
2. to prepare the students to understand the concept of frequency reuse and be able to apply it
in the design of mobile cellular system
3. to prepare the students to understand va rious modulation schemes and multiple access
techniques that are used in wireless communications
4. to provide an analytical perspective on the design and analysis the traditional and emerging
wireless networks and to discuss the nature of and solution methods to the fundamental
problems in the wireless networking
5. to train the students to understand the architecture and operation of va rious wireless wan such
as gsm, is-95, gprs and sms
6. to train students to understand wireless lan architectures and operations
7. to prepare students to understand the emerging technique ofdm and its importance in the
wireless communications
unit -i
introduction to wireless communication systems: evolution of mobile radio communications, exa mples of
wireless communication systems-paging systems, cordless telephone systems, cellular telephone systems,
comparison of common wireless communication systems, trends in cellular radio and personal
communications. modern wireless communication systems: second generat ion (2g) cellular netwo rks, third
generation (3g) wireless networks, w ireless local loop (w ll) and lmds, wireless local area networks
(wlans), bluetooth and personal area networks (pans).
unit –ii:
mobile radio propagation: large-scale path loss: introduction to radio wave propagation, free space
propagation model, relating power to electric field, the three basic propagation mechanisms, reflection-
reflection from dielectrics, brewster angle, reflection from prefect conductors, ground reflection (two -
ray) model, diffraction-fresnel zone geo metry, knife- edge diffraction model, multiple knife -edge
diffraction, scattering, outdoor propagation models -longley ryce model, okumura model, hata model, pcs
extension to hata model, walfisch and bertoni model, wideband pcs microcell model, indoor propagation
models- partition losses (same floor), partition losses between floors, log-distance path loss model,
ericsson multiple breakpoint model, attenuation factor model, signal penetration into buildings, ray
tracing and site specific modeling.
unit –iii:
mobile radio propagation: small –scale fading and multipath small scale multipath propagation-factors
influencing small scale fading, doppler shift, impulse response model of a multipath channel-relationship
between bandwidth and received power, small-scale multipath measurements-direct rf pulse system,
spread spectrum sliding correlator channel sounding, frequency domain channels sounding, parameters of
mobile multipath
malla reddy college of engineering and technology (autonomous) 183
, Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material
b.tech – (ece) r - 18
channels-time dispersion parameters, coherence bandwidth, doppler spread and coherence time, types of
small-scale fading-fading effects due to multipath time delay spread, flat fading, frequency selective
fading, fading effects due to doppler spread-fast fading, slow fading, statistical models for multipath
fading channels-clarke‗s model for flat fading, spectral shape due to doppler spread in clarke‗s model,
simulation of clarke and gans fading model, level crossing and fading statistics, two-ray rayleigh fading
model.
unit –iv
wi-fi and the ieee 802.11 wireless lan standard: ieee 802 architecture, ieee 802.11
architecture and services, 802.11medium access control, 802.11 physical layer, other
ieee
802.11 standards, wi-fi protected access. bluetooth and ieee 802.15: overview, radio specification,
baseband specification, link manager specification, logical link control and adaptation protocol, ieee
802.15.
unit -v
mobile data networks: introduction, data oriented cdpd network, gprs and higher data rates, short
messaging service in gs m, mobile application protocols. wireless atm & hiperlan: introduction, wireless
atm, hiperlan, hiperlan-2.
text books:
1. theodore s. rappaport (2002), wireless communications -principles practice,2nd edition, prentice hall
of india, new delhi.
2. william stallings (2009), wireless communications and networks,2nd edition, pearson
education, india.
3. kaveh pahlaven, prashanth krishna murthy (2007), principles of wireless networks -a
unified approach, pearson education, india.
reference books:
1. dr. kamilo feher (2003), wireless digital communications, prentice hall of india, newdelhi.
2. jochen schiller (2009), mobile communications, 2nd edition, pearson education, india.3.andreas
f. molisch (2006), wireless communications, wiley –india, new delhi. course outcomes
upon completion of the course the student will be able to:
1. understand the principles of wireless communications
2. understand fundamentals of wireless networking
3. understand cellular system design concepts
4. analyze various multiple access schemes using wireless communication
5. understand wireless wans and their performance analysis
6. demonstrate wireless lan and their specifications
7. familiar with some of the existing and emerging wireless standards
8. understand the concept of ofdm
malla reddy college of engineering and technology (autonomous) 184
, Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material
unit - 1
introduction to wireless communication systems
the ability to communicate with people on the move has evolved remarkably since gug lielmo marconi first
demonstrated radio‘s ability to provide continuous contact with ships sailing the english channel in 1897.
since then new w ireless communications methods and services have been enthusiastically adopted by people
throughout the world. particularly during the past ten years, the mobile radio communications industry has
grown by orders of magnitude, fueled by digital and rf circuit fabrication improvements, new large -scale
circuit integration, and other miniaturization technologies which make portable radio equipment smaller ,
cheaper, and more reliable. digital switching techniques have facilitated the large scale deployment of
affordable, easy-to-use radio communication networks.
evolution of mobile radio communications
the ability to provide wireless communications to an entire population was not even conceived until bell
laboratories developed the cellular concept in the 1960s and 1970s. with the development of highly reliable,
miniature, solid-state radio frequency hardware in the 1970s, the wireless communications era was born.
the following market penetration data show how wireless communications in the consumer sector has
grown in popularity. figure 1.1 illustrates how mobile telephony has penetrated our daily lives compared with
other popular inventions of the 20th century. figure 1.1 shows that the first 35 years of mobile telephony
saw little market penetration due to high cost and the technological challenges involved, but however, in the past
decade, wireless communications has been accepted by cons umers at rates comparable to television and the
video cassette recorder.
figure 1.1. the growth of mobile telephony as compared with other popular inventions of the 20th
century.
• by 1934, 194 municipal police radio systems and 58 state police stations had adopted amplitude
modulation (am) mobile communication systems for public safety in the u.s.
• in 1935, edwin armstrong demonstrated frequency modulation (fm) for the first time, and since
the late 1930s, fm has been the primary modulation technique used for mobile communication systems
throughout the world.
• with the boom in cb radio and cordless appliances such as garage door openers and telephones,
the number of users of mobile and portable radio in 1995 was about 100 million, or 37% of the
u.s. population
• the number of worldwide cellular telephone users grew from 25,000 in 1984 to about 25 million in
1993, and since then subscription-based wireless services have been experiencing customer growth
rates well in excess of 50% per year. at the beginning of the 21st century, over 1% of the
worldwide w ireless subscriber population had already abandoned wired telephone service for
home use, and had begun to rely solely on their cellular service provider for telephone access.
mobile radiotelephony in the u.s.
in 1946, the first public mobile telephone service was introduced in twenty -five major american cities. each
system used a single, high-powered transmitter and large tower in order to cover distances of over 50 km
in a particular market. during the 1950s and 1960s, at&t bell laboratories and other telecommunications
companies throughout the world developed the theory and techniques of cellular radiotelephony —the
concept of breaking a coverage zone (market) into small cells, each of which reuse portions of the spectrum
to increase spectrum usage at the expense of greater system infrastructure. at&t proposed the concept of a
cellular mobile system to the fcc in 1968, although technology was not available to implement cellular
telephony until the late 1970s. in 1983, the fcc finally allocated 666 duplex channels (40 mhz of spectrum in
the 800 mhz band, each channel having a one-way bandwidth of 30 khz for a total spectrum occupancy of
60 khz for each duplex channel) for the u.s. advanced mobile phone system (amps).
