AHA Exam 2 Study Guide from Chen Walta Review

AHA Exam 2 Study Guide from Chen Walta Review AHA Exam 2 Study Guide from Chen Walta Review Abnormalities in nail beds (pt. complains of problem with nail beds) Fungal infection (onychomycosis) Thick and yellow or white discoloration of nail bed May separate from the nail bed May report associated discomfort, paresthesia, loss of manual dexterity May lose ability to walk, exercise, wear shoes Cellulitis Swollen, red, and painful to touch Bacterial infection A.K.A. Paronychia Paronychia Hx of nail trauma or manipulation Chronic- repeated exposure to moisture with tenderness and mild swelling. Redness, swelling, and tenderness at the lateral and proximal nail folds. Purulent drainage under cuticle. Soft tissue infection around fingernail. Chronic can produce rippling of the nail Leukonychia White spots on nail plate (caused by heavy metal poisoning such as lead, cirrhosis of the liver or chemotherapy. Different types of skin lesions Nodule Elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion Deeper in dermis than a papule. 1 to 2 cm in diameter Erythema nodosum, lipoma Cyst Elevated, circumscribed encapsulated lesion In the dermis or subcutaneous layer filled with liquid or semisolid material. Sebaceous cyst, cystic acne Papule Elevated, firm, circumscribed area Less than 1 cm in diameter Wart (verruca), elevated mole, lichen planus (Shiny like plaque psoriasis) Pustule Elevated, superficial lesion Similar to a vesicle but filled with purulent fluid Impetigo, acne Different types of headaches Classic Migraine Childhood onset-more common in women Unilateral or generalized Lasts hours to days Onset is morning or evening Pulsating or throbbing pain. Causes- Menstrual cycle, not eating, birth control pills, let down after stress. Can cause nausea/vomiting Temporal arteritis Older adults Unilateral or bilateral Lasts hours to days Occurs anytime Throbbing Causes-stress, anger, bruxism Hypertensive Adulthood Bilateral or occiput Lasts for hours Occurs in morning Throbbing Remits as the day progresses Cluster Adulthood Unilateral ½-2 hours duration Onset at night Intense burning, boring, searing, knifelike Can cause personality changes, sleep disturbances Caused by alcohol consumption Occurs more in men Thyroid problems based on patient history Hypothyroidism Weight gain Constipation Fatigue Cold intolerance Normal size thyroid Goiter Nodules Hyperthyroidism Weight loss Tachycardia Diarrhea Heat sensitivity Normal size thyroid Goiter Nodules Fine hair Brittle nails Proptosis Papules and pustules developed as result of hygienic activity. Folliculitis Inflammation and infection of hair follicle and surrounding dermis. Patho: inflammatory cells w/I the wall of the hair follicle create follicular based pustule inflammation can be superficial or deep Subjective data: Acute onset of papules and pustules associated with pruritus or mild discomfort May have pain with deep folliculitis Risk factors- frequent shaving, hot tubs, occlusive dressing, obesity Objective data: Small pustules May be surrounded by inflammation or nodular lesions May have suppurative drainage with crusting. Furuncle (Boil) Deep seated infection of pilosebaceous unit Patho: Staph aureus most common Starts as small perifollicular abscess May occur singly or in multiples Subjective data: Acute onset of tender red nodule that becomes pustular Objective data: Skin is red, hot, and tender Common in face, neck, arms, axillae, breasts, thighs, and buttocks Tinea (Dermatophytosis)-Group of noncandidal fungal infections that involve the stratum ………………………………..CONTINUED………………………………..