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VEN2604 ASSIGNMENT 1 SEMESTER 1 2026 (ANSWERS) -- DUE DATE MARCH 2026

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VEN2604 ASSIGNMENT 1 SEMESTER 1 2026 (ANSWERS) -- DUE DATE MARCH 2026

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, VEN2604

ASSIGNMENT 1 SEMESTER 1 2026

DUE DATE: MARCH 2026




MBUDZISO 1:

PHONETICS NA PHONOLODZHI

1.1 Zwipfi zwa muvhili zwi shumaho u bveledza mibvumo ya muambo

Phonetics ndi thero ine ya guda nga ha mibvumo ya muambo, ndila ine ya bveledzwa
ngayo na fhethu hune ya bulwa hone. U ya nga ha Ladefoged (2006), mibvumo ya
muambo i bveledzwa nga u shumisana ha zwipfi zwo fhambanaho zwa muvhili,
zwihuluhulu zwipfi zwa u hema na zwa mulomo. Tsha u thoma hu na mafemo (lungs) ane
a vha tshiko tsha muya une wa bveledza mubvumo. Muya u bva mafemoni wa fhira kha
larenksi (larynx) he ha wanala mikhwa ya mubvumo (vocal cords). Arali mikhwa iyi ya
thothomela, hu bveledzwa mibvumo ine ya vhidzwa voiced sounds sa /b/, /d/, /g/. Arali i sa
thothomeli, hu vha na voiceless sounds sa /p/, /t/, /k/. Muya u ya phanda u tshi ya kha
pharynx na kha mulomo (oral cavity) kana ndila ya ningo (nasal cavity). Arali muya wa
fhira nga ningo, hu bveledzwa mibvumo ya ningo sa /m/, /n/, /ŋ/. Arali wa fhira nga mulomo,
hu vha na oral sounds. Zwipfi zwa ndeme kha mulomo ndi:

 Milomo (lips) – i bveledza bilabial sounds sa /p/, /b/, /m/.
 Maṋo (teeth) – i shumisana na lulimi u bveledza dental sounds sa /t̪/.
 Lulimi (tongue) – ndi lwone luhulu kha u bveledza mibvumo. Hu na tiphande dza
lulimi:
o lulimi lwa phanda (front) – alveolar sounds sa /t/, /d/, /s/
o lulimi lwa vhukati (central)
o lulimi lwa murahu (back) – velar sounds sa /k/, /g/
 Tshidulo tsha milomo (alveolar ridge) – hu bulwa mibvumo ya alveolar.
 Tshipfufhi (palate) – hu bulwa palatal sounds sa /ʃ/.
 Velum (soft palate) – i laula uri muya u fhire nga ningo kana mulomo.

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