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SED2601 ASSIGNMENT 3 SEMESTER 1 2026 (Answer Guide)
VERIFIED AND CERTIFIED ANSWERS. WRITTEN IN REQUIRED FORMAT AND WITHIN
GIVEN GUIDELINES. IT IS GOOD TO USE AS A GUIDE AND FOR REFERENCE, NEVER
PLAGARIZE. Thank you and success in your academics.
UNISA, 2026
Contents
QUESTION 1 .......................................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 Explanation of Key Concepts ................................................................................................. 2
1.2 Distinction between Citizenship Education and Cosmopolitan Citizenship (4) ....... 3
1.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Active and Passive Approaches to Citizenship
Education (6) ..................................................................................................................................... 4
1.4 Apartheid-Based Citizenship (4)............................................................................................ 4
QUESTION 2 .......................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Differences and Similarities between Citizenship in the United Kingdom, the
United States of America, and Post-Apartheid South Africa (15) ....................................... 5
2.2 Meaning of “Think Globally, Act Locally” (5) ..................................................................... 6
QUESTION 3 .......................................................................................................................................... 7
3.1 Differences between Diversity, Culture, and Class (6) .................................................... 7
3.2 Significance of Diversity and Class in the Sociology of Education (6) ...................... 7
3.3 Biological versus Sociological Perspectives on Race (4) .............................................. 8
QUESTION 4 .......................................................................................................................................... 8
4.1 Description of Concepts with Examples ............................................................................. 8
4.2 “Access to education is largely dependent on race, class, and gender” (6) ............ 9
4.3 Meaning of “Access” in Relation to Schooling (5) ......................................................... 10
QUESTION 5 ........................................................................................................................................ 10
5.1 Karl Marx’s Views on the Stratification of Society: Capitalists and Workers (8) ... 10
5.3 Conflict Theorists’ Views on the Hidden Curriculum and the Future Workforce (6)
............................................................................................................................................................ 11
5.4 Gender-Fair Teaching Guidelines Proposed by Goduka (1999) (6) ........................... 12
References ........................................................................................................................................... 13
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QUESTION 1
1.1 Explanation of Key Concepts
a. Citizenship (2)
Citizenship refers to the formal and legal relationship between an individual and a state.
It involves a set of rights, responsibilities, and obligations that link a person to a
particular country. These rights may include political rights such as voting, access to
social services, and legal protection, while responsibilities include obeying laws and
contributing to society. Citizenship also has a social and moral dimension, as it
encourages participation in civic life and commitment to the common good (Marshall,
1950; Banks, 2008).
b. Citizen (2)
A citizen is a legally recognised member of a state who is entitled to specific rights
and privileges and who is expected to fulfil certain duties. Citizens are recognised by the
state through legal status and are allowed to participate in political processes such as
elections and public decision-making. Beyond legal status, a citizen is also expected to
act responsibly, respect the rights of others, and contribute positively to society (Turner,
1993).
c. Elitism (2)
Elitism is a political and social concept that suggests that power and decision-making
are concentrated in the hands of a small, privileged group within society. According
to this view, elites possess greater influence due to their wealth, education, or social
status, while ordinary citizens have limited control over political outcomes. Elitism
contrasts with democratic ideals that promote equality and broad participation (Pareto,
1968).
d. Modern Democracy (2)
SED2601 ASSIGNMENT 3 SEMESTER 1 2026 (Answer Guide)
VERIFIED AND CERTIFIED ANSWERS. WRITTEN IN REQUIRED FORMAT AND WITHIN
GIVEN GUIDELINES. IT IS GOOD TO USE AS A GUIDE AND FOR REFERENCE, NEVER
PLAGARIZE. Thank you and success in your academics.
UNISA, 2026
Contents
QUESTION 1 .......................................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 Explanation of Key Concepts ................................................................................................. 2
1.2 Distinction between Citizenship Education and Cosmopolitan Citizenship (4) ....... 3
1.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Active and Passive Approaches to Citizenship
Education (6) ..................................................................................................................................... 4
1.4 Apartheid-Based Citizenship (4)............................................................................................ 4
QUESTION 2 .......................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Differences and Similarities between Citizenship in the United Kingdom, the
United States of America, and Post-Apartheid South Africa (15) ....................................... 5
2.2 Meaning of “Think Globally, Act Locally” (5) ..................................................................... 6
QUESTION 3 .......................................................................................................................................... 7
3.1 Differences between Diversity, Culture, and Class (6) .................................................... 7
3.2 Significance of Diversity and Class in the Sociology of Education (6) ...................... 7
3.3 Biological versus Sociological Perspectives on Race (4) .............................................. 8
QUESTION 4 .......................................................................................................................................... 8
4.1 Description of Concepts with Examples ............................................................................. 8
4.2 “Access to education is largely dependent on race, class, and gender” (6) ............ 9
4.3 Meaning of “Access” in Relation to Schooling (5) ......................................................... 10
QUESTION 5 ........................................................................................................................................ 10
5.1 Karl Marx’s Views on the Stratification of Society: Capitalists and Workers (8) ... 10
5.3 Conflict Theorists’ Views on the Hidden Curriculum and the Future Workforce (6)
............................................................................................................................................................ 11
5.4 Gender-Fair Teaching Guidelines Proposed by Goduka (1999) (6) ........................... 12
References ........................................................................................................................................... 13
, 2|Page
QUESTION 1
1.1 Explanation of Key Concepts
a. Citizenship (2)
Citizenship refers to the formal and legal relationship between an individual and a state.
It involves a set of rights, responsibilities, and obligations that link a person to a
particular country. These rights may include political rights such as voting, access to
social services, and legal protection, while responsibilities include obeying laws and
contributing to society. Citizenship also has a social and moral dimension, as it
encourages participation in civic life and commitment to the common good (Marshall,
1950; Banks, 2008).
b. Citizen (2)
A citizen is a legally recognised member of a state who is entitled to specific rights
and privileges and who is expected to fulfil certain duties. Citizens are recognised by the
state through legal status and are allowed to participate in political processes such as
elections and public decision-making. Beyond legal status, a citizen is also expected to
act responsibly, respect the rights of others, and contribute positively to society (Turner,
1993).
c. Elitism (2)
Elitism is a political and social concept that suggests that power and decision-making
are concentrated in the hands of a small, privileged group within society. According
to this view, elites possess greater influence due to their wealth, education, or social
status, while ordinary citizens have limited control over political outcomes. Elitism
contrasts with democratic ideals that promote equality and broad participation (Pareto,
1968).
d. Modern Democracy (2)
