NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam
Question With Answers 2026
Asthma - - answerChronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive
inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - - answercoughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Erythropietin - - answerProduce: Kidney (small amount in liver)
Released: Kidney
Target: Bone Marrow
Functions: Stimulates bone marrow to produce more red blood cells
hematopoietic stem cells - - answerThe stem cells that give rise to RBC WBC and
platelets through the process of haematopoiesis.
,How does a hematopoietic stem cell produce a red blood cell - -
answerhematopoietic stem cells produces an unndifferentiated hemocytoblast
- erythropoietin binds to it and createsa a proerythroblast
- cell develops into an erythrocyte 7 days later
Erythrocyte function - - answertransport oxygen and carbon dioxide
Erythrocyte life span - - answer120 days
anemia risk factors - - answeracute or chronic blood loss, increased hemolysis,
inadequate dietary intake or malabsorption, bone marrow suppression, age
function of hemoglobin - - answerIn red blood cells, carries oxygen from the lungs
to body's tissues and returns carbon dioxide from tissues back to lungs. It also
maintains the shape of red blood cells.
causes of anemia - - answer- impaired RBC production
- excessive blood loss
- increased RBC destruction
hemolytic anemia - - answerpremature destruction of RBCs
causes of hemolytic anemia - - answerinfection
transfusion reaction
, hemolytic disease of the newborn (Rh incompatibility)
autoimmune reaction
drug induced
development of anemia due to gastrectomy - - answerloss of intrinsic factor from
surgery results in the loss of protein necessary for vitamin B12 absorption an can
lead to anemia
what kind of anemia can result from incorrect blood transfusion - -
answerhemolytic anemia
normocytic normochromic anemia - - answerCharacterized by red cells that are
relatively normal in size and hemoglobin content but insufficient in number
hemolytic anemia is what kind of anemia - - answernormocytic normochromic
anemia
polycythemia vera - - answercondition characterized by too many erythrocytes;
blood becomes too thick to flow easily through blood vessels
Kidney Anatomy - - answerrenal artery renal vein cortex, medulla, renal pelvis
ureter renal pyramid nephron
Nephron Anatomy - - answer1. glomerulus
2. bowman's capsule
3. collecting duct
Question With Answers 2026
Asthma - - answerChronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive
inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - - answercoughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Erythropietin - - answerProduce: Kidney (small amount in liver)
Released: Kidney
Target: Bone Marrow
Functions: Stimulates bone marrow to produce more red blood cells
hematopoietic stem cells - - answerThe stem cells that give rise to RBC WBC and
platelets through the process of haematopoiesis.
,How does a hematopoietic stem cell produce a red blood cell - -
answerhematopoietic stem cells produces an unndifferentiated hemocytoblast
- erythropoietin binds to it and createsa a proerythroblast
- cell develops into an erythrocyte 7 days later
Erythrocyte function - - answertransport oxygen and carbon dioxide
Erythrocyte life span - - answer120 days
anemia risk factors - - answeracute or chronic blood loss, increased hemolysis,
inadequate dietary intake or malabsorption, bone marrow suppression, age
function of hemoglobin - - answerIn red blood cells, carries oxygen from the lungs
to body's tissues and returns carbon dioxide from tissues back to lungs. It also
maintains the shape of red blood cells.
causes of anemia - - answer- impaired RBC production
- excessive blood loss
- increased RBC destruction
hemolytic anemia - - answerpremature destruction of RBCs
causes of hemolytic anemia - - answerinfection
transfusion reaction
, hemolytic disease of the newborn (Rh incompatibility)
autoimmune reaction
drug induced
development of anemia due to gastrectomy - - answerloss of intrinsic factor from
surgery results in the loss of protein necessary for vitamin B12 absorption an can
lead to anemia
what kind of anemia can result from incorrect blood transfusion - -
answerhemolytic anemia
normocytic normochromic anemia - - answerCharacterized by red cells that are
relatively normal in size and hemoglobin content but insufficient in number
hemolytic anemia is what kind of anemia - - answernormocytic normochromic
anemia
polycythemia vera - - answercondition characterized by too many erythrocytes;
blood becomes too thick to flow easily through blood vessels
Kidney Anatomy - - answerrenal artery renal vein cortex, medulla, renal pelvis
ureter renal pyramid nephron
Nephron Anatomy - - answer1. glomerulus
2. bowman's capsule
3. collecting duct
