CBIS UPDATED CORE EXAM MANUAL QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔*primary vs secondary injury - ✔✔primary: initial, mechanical damage
secondary: "cascade" pathophysiological processes, delay non-mechanical processes
✔✔determining effects of brain injury (7) - ✔✔injury severity
age of injury
alcohol misuse
DV
Service in military
participation in sports
if had injury previously
✔✔*mild TBI: definition, may demonstrate (5) - ✔✔brief or no loss of consciousness
vomiting
lethargy
dizziness
unable to recall what just happened
✔✔*moderate TBI: definition, signs of (2)* - ✔✔unconsciousness of any period up to 24
hours, neuro signs of brain trauma (skull fractures with contusion or bleeding, focal
findings, in instrumental testing)
✔✔*severe TBI - ✔✔Period of loss of consciousness greater than 24 hours
✔✔most likely group to sustain a TBI (3) - ✔✔older adolescents age 15-19 yo, young
adults age 2-24 yo, older adults age 65 or older
✔✔*patterns of TBI for ages: ED visists kids vs adults, non-accidental trauma, age
patterns for falls vs MVA vs gunshot - ✔✔TBI-related ED visits 92.7% kids, 59.7% of
adults
non-accidental trauma is cause of 80% deaths for head trauma cases of children under
2 yo
18% TBI related emergencies are children 0-4 yo
Fall-related TBI highest among over 75 yo
MVA highest 15-24
gunshot 20-24 yo and 75 yo
✔✔risk of second injury is how many time greater after 1st? 3rd injury after 2nd? -
✔✔3x
8x
✔✔% of prison pop with TBI - ✔✔25-87%
significant factor in recidivisim
,✔✔*mortality and TBI - ✔✔2X more likely to die, reduction of life expectancy by 7 years
✔✔*TBI and neurologic disorders:3 - ✔✔Epilepsy
alzheimers disease
CTE
✔✔*TBI and neuroendocrone disorders: % - ✔✔pituitary gland dysfunction,
growth hormone distrubance,
low thyroid dysfunction,
gonadotrophin deficiency
30% of mod to severe tbi
✔✔*TBI and incontinence - ✔✔neurogenic bladder
frequent UTIs
✔✔*TBI and psychiatric disease - ✔✔increased risk of developing numerous psychiatric
disorders
✔✔*TBI and musculoskeletal dysfunction - ✔✔spasticity
✔✔*TBI and skeletal dysfunction: % - ✔✔Heterotrophic ossification: new bone formation
in soft tissue planes of surrounding joints
will lead to abnormal bony fusions
30%
✔✔costs of brain injury: amount, reason (2) - ✔✔reduced or lost productivity
inappropriate diagnosis and tx
76 billion
✔✔olmstead decision - ✔✔supreme court ruling to give individuals with disabilities cost-
effective community-based services
✔✔rehab act of 1973 - ✔✔Vocation services, help to find meaning
✔✔% of epilepsy TBI accounts for - ✔✔5
✔✔CT and MRI: what are they, used to look for (2) - ✔✔3d images of the brain
use to look for symmetry of the brain
asymmetrical or abnormal presence of blood
✔✔CT imagaing - ✔✔used to determine if skull fracture has occured, blood clots, etc
, ✔✔DTI (what is, comes from, can ID) - ✔✔Diffusion tensor imaging. Comes from MRI,
major tracts of brain can be identified
✔✔Functional MRI - ✔✔Person performs task when the scanner is on so active brain
regions can be viewed
✔✔CNS, CSF - ✔✔Central nervous system
with brain, allow person to move and act
cerebrospinal fluid: cushion of protection
✔✔meninges - ✔✔3 membranes that cover the brain
outer: dura mater
arachnoid
pia
✔✔neurons: used for, made of, what do, +2 - ✔✔used for communication between cells
made of cell body, axon, and dendrite
transmit messages via electrical impulses/aciton potential
synapses: message junction
messages fire based on depends on signal received in that moment
✔✔brainstem: what does, made of (3), evolves from, does not effect (2), contains (1) -
✔✔relays info in and out of brain
made from medulla, pons, and midbrain
evolves from the spinal cord
does not effect sight and smell
contains the reticular activating system (RAS)
✔✔RAS - ✔✔modulates or changes arousal, alertness, concentration, basic biological
rhythms
✔✔medulla:2 - ✔✔basic living functions
reflex centers for many involuntary controls
✔✔pons: what controls (4), what is, enables, damage to results in - ✔✔facial
movements, facial sensation, hearing, coordinating eye movements
bridge of nerve fibers connecting the cerebral cortex and cerebellum
enables thinking brain to work with the movement brain
paresis and paralysis
✔✔midbrain: responsible for (2), elementary forms of (2), damage to results in -
✔✔alertness and arousal
elementary forms of seeing and hearing
when thinking part of brain is unresponsive, but person lives in coma or vegetative state
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔*primary vs secondary injury - ✔✔primary: initial, mechanical damage
secondary: "cascade" pathophysiological processes, delay non-mechanical processes
✔✔determining effects of brain injury (7) - ✔✔injury severity
age of injury
alcohol misuse
DV
Service in military
participation in sports
if had injury previously
✔✔*mild TBI: definition, may demonstrate (5) - ✔✔brief or no loss of consciousness
vomiting
lethargy
dizziness
unable to recall what just happened
✔✔*moderate TBI: definition, signs of (2)* - ✔✔unconsciousness of any period up to 24
hours, neuro signs of brain trauma (skull fractures with contusion or bleeding, focal
findings, in instrumental testing)
✔✔*severe TBI - ✔✔Period of loss of consciousness greater than 24 hours
✔✔most likely group to sustain a TBI (3) - ✔✔older adolescents age 15-19 yo, young
adults age 2-24 yo, older adults age 65 or older
✔✔*patterns of TBI for ages: ED visists kids vs adults, non-accidental trauma, age
patterns for falls vs MVA vs gunshot - ✔✔TBI-related ED visits 92.7% kids, 59.7% of
adults
non-accidental trauma is cause of 80% deaths for head trauma cases of children under
2 yo
18% TBI related emergencies are children 0-4 yo
Fall-related TBI highest among over 75 yo
MVA highest 15-24
gunshot 20-24 yo and 75 yo
✔✔risk of second injury is how many time greater after 1st? 3rd injury after 2nd? -
✔✔3x
8x
✔✔% of prison pop with TBI - ✔✔25-87%
significant factor in recidivisim
,✔✔*mortality and TBI - ✔✔2X more likely to die, reduction of life expectancy by 7 years
✔✔*TBI and neurologic disorders:3 - ✔✔Epilepsy
alzheimers disease
CTE
✔✔*TBI and neuroendocrone disorders: % - ✔✔pituitary gland dysfunction,
growth hormone distrubance,
low thyroid dysfunction,
gonadotrophin deficiency
30% of mod to severe tbi
✔✔*TBI and incontinence - ✔✔neurogenic bladder
frequent UTIs
✔✔*TBI and psychiatric disease - ✔✔increased risk of developing numerous psychiatric
disorders
✔✔*TBI and musculoskeletal dysfunction - ✔✔spasticity
✔✔*TBI and skeletal dysfunction: % - ✔✔Heterotrophic ossification: new bone formation
in soft tissue planes of surrounding joints
will lead to abnormal bony fusions
30%
✔✔costs of brain injury: amount, reason (2) - ✔✔reduced or lost productivity
inappropriate diagnosis and tx
76 billion
✔✔olmstead decision - ✔✔supreme court ruling to give individuals with disabilities cost-
effective community-based services
✔✔rehab act of 1973 - ✔✔Vocation services, help to find meaning
✔✔% of epilepsy TBI accounts for - ✔✔5
✔✔CT and MRI: what are they, used to look for (2) - ✔✔3d images of the brain
use to look for symmetry of the brain
asymmetrical or abnormal presence of blood
✔✔CT imagaing - ✔✔used to determine if skull fracture has occured, blood clots, etc
, ✔✔DTI (what is, comes from, can ID) - ✔✔Diffusion tensor imaging. Comes from MRI,
major tracts of brain can be identified
✔✔Functional MRI - ✔✔Person performs task when the scanner is on so active brain
regions can be viewed
✔✔CNS, CSF - ✔✔Central nervous system
with brain, allow person to move and act
cerebrospinal fluid: cushion of protection
✔✔meninges - ✔✔3 membranes that cover the brain
outer: dura mater
arachnoid
pia
✔✔neurons: used for, made of, what do, +2 - ✔✔used for communication between cells
made of cell body, axon, and dendrite
transmit messages via electrical impulses/aciton potential
synapses: message junction
messages fire based on depends on signal received in that moment
✔✔brainstem: what does, made of (3), evolves from, does not effect (2), contains (1) -
✔✔relays info in and out of brain
made from medulla, pons, and midbrain
evolves from the spinal cord
does not effect sight and smell
contains the reticular activating system (RAS)
✔✔RAS - ✔✔modulates or changes arousal, alertness, concentration, basic biological
rhythms
✔✔medulla:2 - ✔✔basic living functions
reflex centers for many involuntary controls
✔✔pons: what controls (4), what is, enables, damage to results in - ✔✔facial
movements, facial sensation, hearing, coordinating eye movements
bridge of nerve fibers connecting the cerebral cortex and cerebellum
enables thinking brain to work with the movement brain
paresis and paralysis
✔✔midbrain: responsible for (2), elementary forms of (2), damage to results in -
✔✔alertness and arousal
elementary forms of seeing and hearing
when thinking part of brain is unresponsive, but person lives in coma or vegetative state
