NUR 660 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE: KEY CONCEPTS
ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND UPDATED
SOLUTIONS 2026
1. Allergic Rhinitis (1st Line) IgE-Mediated Disease d/t Exposure Indoor/Outdoor
Allergens
a. Sx Rhinorrhea, nasal congestion or obstruction, pruritis, sneezing, post-
nasal drip, cough, fatigue.
b. Tx ANTIHISTAMINE (1st Line) avoid antihistamines in pts with asthma,
intranasal
steroids/antihistamines/cromolyn, decongestants, leukotriene receptor
agonists, immunotherapy.
2. Tuberculosis (TB) Symptoms & Clinical Information
a. Symptoms Asymptomatic or fever, night sweats, weight loss, non-
productive cough and productive cough, hemoptysis, usually secondary to
the infection eroding the pulmonary blood vessels.
b. Dx Tuberculin skin test, Mantoux test
i. Positive hypersensitivity to PPD within 48-72 hours
ii. False positive AIDS, sarcoidosis, vaccinated with BCG
iii. >5mm Positive in HIV, recently exposed TV
with organ transplants, etc.
iv. >10mm IVD users, low-income, high-risk
employees, immunosuppressed, chronic dz.
v. >15mm All other people
vi. IGRAs blood test for those with BCG vaccine who can’t be read
normally
vii. 2 PPDs or otherwise positive then CXR to confirm (will see military or
cavitary lesions in upper lobes)
viii. Positive CXR 3 sputum (acid-fast) samples 8 hours apart.
ix. CAVITARY LESIONS UPPER LOBES + TB
x. Treatment RIPE (Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide,
Ethambutol
Hepatotoxic)
1. Ethambutol Optic Neuritis Reversible Vision
Loss, Eye Pain, Inability to Differentiate Colors
2. Combination of anti-TB antibiotics, called the RIPE
regimen and which consists of rifampin, isoniazid,
pyrazinamide, and ethambutol (*ALL MEDS CAN
CAUSE HEPATOTOXICITY)
3. Rifampin- causes orange body fluid
4. Isoniazid- can also cause vitamin B6 deficiency,
, which can lead to peripheral neuropathy and
sideroblastic anemia
*Administer with pyridoxine which is B6 vitamin
5. Pyrazinamide can cause hyperuricemia
6. Ethambutol can lead to optic neuritis (inflammation
that damages optic nerve), therefore requires
periodic visual acuity testing. All symptoms
reversible when drug is stopped
3. CXR slide – slide A. RUL consolidation. B. airspace nodules, C. reticular lesion, D.
CAVITORY LESION (TB)
4. Community Acquired Pneumonia Responsible Bacteria?
a. Gram +bacteria s pneumonia
ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND UPDATED
SOLUTIONS 2026
1. Allergic Rhinitis (1st Line) IgE-Mediated Disease d/t Exposure Indoor/Outdoor
Allergens
a. Sx Rhinorrhea, nasal congestion or obstruction, pruritis, sneezing, post-
nasal drip, cough, fatigue.
b. Tx ANTIHISTAMINE (1st Line) avoid antihistamines in pts with asthma,
intranasal
steroids/antihistamines/cromolyn, decongestants, leukotriene receptor
agonists, immunotherapy.
2. Tuberculosis (TB) Symptoms & Clinical Information
a. Symptoms Asymptomatic or fever, night sweats, weight loss, non-
productive cough and productive cough, hemoptysis, usually secondary to
the infection eroding the pulmonary blood vessels.
b. Dx Tuberculin skin test, Mantoux test
i. Positive hypersensitivity to PPD within 48-72 hours
ii. False positive AIDS, sarcoidosis, vaccinated with BCG
iii. >5mm Positive in HIV, recently exposed TV
with organ transplants, etc.
iv. >10mm IVD users, low-income, high-risk
employees, immunosuppressed, chronic dz.
v. >15mm All other people
vi. IGRAs blood test for those with BCG vaccine who can’t be read
normally
vii. 2 PPDs or otherwise positive then CXR to confirm (will see military or
cavitary lesions in upper lobes)
viii. Positive CXR 3 sputum (acid-fast) samples 8 hours apart.
ix. CAVITARY LESIONS UPPER LOBES + TB
x. Treatment RIPE (Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide,
Ethambutol
Hepatotoxic)
1. Ethambutol Optic Neuritis Reversible Vision
Loss, Eye Pain, Inability to Differentiate Colors
2. Combination of anti-TB antibiotics, called the RIPE
regimen and which consists of rifampin, isoniazid,
pyrazinamide, and ethambutol (*ALL MEDS CAN
CAUSE HEPATOTOXICITY)
3. Rifampin- causes orange body fluid
4. Isoniazid- can also cause vitamin B6 deficiency,
, which can lead to peripheral neuropathy and
sideroblastic anemia
*Administer with pyridoxine which is B6 vitamin
5. Pyrazinamide can cause hyperuricemia
6. Ethambutol can lead to optic neuritis (inflammation
that damages optic nerve), therefore requires
periodic visual acuity testing. All symptoms
reversible when drug is stopped
3. CXR slide – slide A. RUL consolidation. B. airspace nodules, C. reticular lesion, D.
CAVITORY LESION (TB)
4. Community Acquired Pneumonia Responsible Bacteria?
a. Gram +bacteria s pneumonia
