ATLS Study Questions with Verified
Answers Already Graded A+
1. Spilled hot liquids on the leg, which in younger patients may re-epithelialize
due to an adequate number of hair follicles, will result in a full thickness
burn in older patients. - ANSWER this is true
2. Airway-patients may have dentures that may loosen or obstruct the airway.
If dentures are not obstructing the airway, leave them in place for what? -
ANSWER bag mask ventilation, as it improves mask fitting.
3. When preforming rapid sequence intubation, the dose of benzos,
barbiturates, and other sedatives should be reduced to what percentage to
minimize the risk of cardiovascular depression? - ANSWER 20-40%
4. Functional changes in cardiac system include declining function, decreased
sensitivity to catecholamine, atherosclerosis of coronary vessels, increased
afterload, fixed heart rate (beta blockers) - ANSWER this results in lack of
classic response to hypovolemia, risk for cardiac ischemia, elevated BP at
baseline, and increased risk of dysrhythmias.
5. Functional changes in pulmonary system include decreased elastic recoil,
reduced residual capacity, decreased gas exchange and decreased cough
reflex - ANSWER thus they are at increased risk for respiratory failure,
increased risk for pneumonia, and poor tolerance to rib fractures
6. Functional changes in renal system include loss of renal mass, decreased
GFR, and decreased sensitivity to ADH and aldosterone - ANSWER
resulting in drug dosing for renal insufficiency, decreased ability to
, concentrate urine, increased risk for AKI and urine flow may be normal with
hypovolemia
7. Functional changes to MSK include loss of lean body mass, osteoporosis,
changes in joints and cartilage, c spine degenerative changes and loss of skin
elastin and subcutaneous fat - ANSWER resulting in increased risk for
fractures, decreased mobility, difficulty for oral intubation, risk of skin
injury, increased risk for hypothermia, challenges in rehabilitation
8. Functional changes in Endocrine system include decreased production and
response to thyroxin and decreased dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) -
ANSWER resulting in occult hypothyroidism, relative hyper cortisone states
and increased risk of infection
9. True or false: Arthritis can complicate the airway and cervical spine.
Patients can have multilevel degenerative changes affecting disk spaces and
posterior elements associated with severe central canal stenosis, cord
compression, and myelomalacia - ANSWER true
10.In elderly population, due to their changes in pulmonary system, placing a
gauze between gums and cheek to achieve seal when using bag valve mask
ventilation is okay. In addition, because aging causes a suppressed heart rate
response to hypoxia...... - ANSWER respiratory failure may present
insidiously in older adults.
11.Age related changes in the cardiovascular system place the elderly trauma
patient at significant risk for being inaccurately categorized as
hemodynamically stable. - ANSWER Elderly patients have a fixed heart
rate and fixed cardiac output, thus, their response to hypovolemia will
involve increasing their systemic vascular resistance. Furthermore, since
older patients have HTN, an acceptable BP may truly reflect a hypotensive
, state. A systolic BP of 110 is to be utilized as the threshold for identifying
hypotension in patients 65 and older.
12.Do no equate blood pressure with shock in older patients - ANSWER BP in
older patients may look normal due to the medications they are on. Use
lactate and base deficit to evaluate for evidence of shock
13.what 2 factors place elderly patients at risk for intracranial hemorrhage? -
ANSWER aging causes dura to become more adherent to the skull
increasing risk of injury and older patients are on anticoagulant and
antiplatelet medications.
14.Loss of subcutaneous fat, nutritional deficiencies, chronic medical
conditions place elderly patients as risk for hypothermia and complications
for immobility. - ANSWER Rapid evaluation and when possible early
liberation from spine boards and cervical collars will minimize
complications.
15.True or False: Fall prevention is the mainstay of reducing the mortality
associated with pelvic fractures. - ANSWER true
16.poor hygiene, dehydration, oral injury, contusions affecting the inner arms,
inner thighs, palms, soles, scalp, ear, nasal bridge and temple injury from
being struck while wearing glasses, contact burns and scalds. These are all
signs of.......? - ANSWER Elder maltreatment. The presence of physical
findings of maltreatment should prompt a detailed history. if history
conflicts with findings, immediately report findings to authorities.
17.True of false: early activation of the trauma team may be required for elderly
patients who do not meet traditional criteria for activation - ANSWER True.
, A simple injury such as an open tibia fracture in a frail elderly patient may
become life threatening.
18.Common mechanisms of injury include falls, MVC, burns, and penetrating
injuries - ANSWER common injuries in the elderly include rib fractures,
TBI, pelvic fractures
19.The best initial treatment for the fetus is to provide optimal resuscitation of
the mother. True or False? - ANSWER True. Also if x-ray examination is
indicated during the pregnant patient's treatment, it should not be withheld
because of the pregnancy.
20.What happens as the uterus enlarged and the bowel is pushed cephalad. -
ANSWER When the uterus enlarges it pushes the bowel cephalad and the
uterus lies in the upper abdomen. As a result, the bowel is somewhat
protected from blunt abdominal trauma, whereas the uterus and its contents
(fetus and placenta) become more vulnerable. Uterus remains intrapelvic
until 12 weeks and then at 20 weeks it is at the umbilicus, and at 34-36
weeks it reaches the costal margin.
21.Amniotic fluid can cause amniotic fluid embolism and disseminated
intravascular coagulation following trauma if fluid enters maternal
intravascular space. True or False - ANSWER True
22.By the third trimester, what is the complication of trauma to the pelvis of the
mother? - ANSWER by the third trimester, the uterus is large and thin
walled. In vertex presentation, fetal head is usually in the pelvis and the
remainder of the fetus is exposed above the pelvic brim. Pelvic fractures in
late gestation can result in skull fracture or intracranial injury to the fetus.
Also we can have a placental abruption due to its little elasticity and
vulnerability to sheer forces.
Answers Already Graded A+
1. Spilled hot liquids on the leg, which in younger patients may re-epithelialize
due to an adequate number of hair follicles, will result in a full thickness
burn in older patients. - ANSWER this is true
2. Airway-patients may have dentures that may loosen or obstruct the airway.
If dentures are not obstructing the airway, leave them in place for what? -
ANSWER bag mask ventilation, as it improves mask fitting.
3. When preforming rapid sequence intubation, the dose of benzos,
barbiturates, and other sedatives should be reduced to what percentage to
minimize the risk of cardiovascular depression? - ANSWER 20-40%
4. Functional changes in cardiac system include declining function, decreased
sensitivity to catecholamine, atherosclerosis of coronary vessels, increased
afterload, fixed heart rate (beta blockers) - ANSWER this results in lack of
classic response to hypovolemia, risk for cardiac ischemia, elevated BP at
baseline, and increased risk of dysrhythmias.
5. Functional changes in pulmonary system include decreased elastic recoil,
reduced residual capacity, decreased gas exchange and decreased cough
reflex - ANSWER thus they are at increased risk for respiratory failure,
increased risk for pneumonia, and poor tolerance to rib fractures
6. Functional changes in renal system include loss of renal mass, decreased
GFR, and decreased sensitivity to ADH and aldosterone - ANSWER
resulting in drug dosing for renal insufficiency, decreased ability to
, concentrate urine, increased risk for AKI and urine flow may be normal with
hypovolemia
7. Functional changes to MSK include loss of lean body mass, osteoporosis,
changes in joints and cartilage, c spine degenerative changes and loss of skin
elastin and subcutaneous fat - ANSWER resulting in increased risk for
fractures, decreased mobility, difficulty for oral intubation, risk of skin
injury, increased risk for hypothermia, challenges in rehabilitation
8. Functional changes in Endocrine system include decreased production and
response to thyroxin and decreased dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) -
ANSWER resulting in occult hypothyroidism, relative hyper cortisone states
and increased risk of infection
9. True or false: Arthritis can complicate the airway and cervical spine.
Patients can have multilevel degenerative changes affecting disk spaces and
posterior elements associated with severe central canal stenosis, cord
compression, and myelomalacia - ANSWER true
10.In elderly population, due to their changes in pulmonary system, placing a
gauze between gums and cheek to achieve seal when using bag valve mask
ventilation is okay. In addition, because aging causes a suppressed heart rate
response to hypoxia...... - ANSWER respiratory failure may present
insidiously in older adults.
11.Age related changes in the cardiovascular system place the elderly trauma
patient at significant risk for being inaccurately categorized as
hemodynamically stable. - ANSWER Elderly patients have a fixed heart
rate and fixed cardiac output, thus, their response to hypovolemia will
involve increasing their systemic vascular resistance. Furthermore, since
older patients have HTN, an acceptable BP may truly reflect a hypotensive
, state. A systolic BP of 110 is to be utilized as the threshold for identifying
hypotension in patients 65 and older.
12.Do no equate blood pressure with shock in older patients - ANSWER BP in
older patients may look normal due to the medications they are on. Use
lactate and base deficit to evaluate for evidence of shock
13.what 2 factors place elderly patients at risk for intracranial hemorrhage? -
ANSWER aging causes dura to become more adherent to the skull
increasing risk of injury and older patients are on anticoagulant and
antiplatelet medications.
14.Loss of subcutaneous fat, nutritional deficiencies, chronic medical
conditions place elderly patients as risk for hypothermia and complications
for immobility. - ANSWER Rapid evaluation and when possible early
liberation from spine boards and cervical collars will minimize
complications.
15.True or False: Fall prevention is the mainstay of reducing the mortality
associated with pelvic fractures. - ANSWER true
16.poor hygiene, dehydration, oral injury, contusions affecting the inner arms,
inner thighs, palms, soles, scalp, ear, nasal bridge and temple injury from
being struck while wearing glasses, contact burns and scalds. These are all
signs of.......? - ANSWER Elder maltreatment. The presence of physical
findings of maltreatment should prompt a detailed history. if history
conflicts with findings, immediately report findings to authorities.
17.True of false: early activation of the trauma team may be required for elderly
patients who do not meet traditional criteria for activation - ANSWER True.
, A simple injury such as an open tibia fracture in a frail elderly patient may
become life threatening.
18.Common mechanisms of injury include falls, MVC, burns, and penetrating
injuries - ANSWER common injuries in the elderly include rib fractures,
TBI, pelvic fractures
19.The best initial treatment for the fetus is to provide optimal resuscitation of
the mother. True or False? - ANSWER True. Also if x-ray examination is
indicated during the pregnant patient's treatment, it should not be withheld
because of the pregnancy.
20.What happens as the uterus enlarged and the bowel is pushed cephalad. -
ANSWER When the uterus enlarges it pushes the bowel cephalad and the
uterus lies in the upper abdomen. As a result, the bowel is somewhat
protected from blunt abdominal trauma, whereas the uterus and its contents
(fetus and placenta) become more vulnerable. Uterus remains intrapelvic
until 12 weeks and then at 20 weeks it is at the umbilicus, and at 34-36
weeks it reaches the costal margin.
21.Amniotic fluid can cause amniotic fluid embolism and disseminated
intravascular coagulation following trauma if fluid enters maternal
intravascular space. True or False - ANSWER True
22.By the third trimester, what is the complication of trauma to the pelvis of the
mother? - ANSWER by the third trimester, the uterus is large and thin
walled. In vertex presentation, fetal head is usually in the pelvis and the
remainder of the fetus is exposed above the pelvic brim. Pelvic fractures in
late gestation can result in skull fracture or intracranial injury to the fetus.
Also we can have a placental abruption due to its little elasticity and
vulnerability to sheer forces.
