Summary European integration
Table of Contents
Enlargements ............................................................................................................. 5
Plans .......................................................................................................................... 5
1923 Kalergi’s “Pan-Europa” plan:...................................................................................... 5
1930 Briand plan: ............................................................................................................... 6
1940 Nazis “funk” plan: ...................................................................................................... 6
1944/1945 Morgenthau plan - for DE after WW2: ................................................................. 6
1950 Schumann plan: ......................................................................................................... 6
1980 Altiero Spinelli “Crocodile club” - in 1984 developed a new federalist plan: ................ 7
1989 Helmut Kohl: 10-point plan for DE reunification: ......................................................... 7
Treaties ...................................................................................................................... 7
1949 London treaty: ........................................................................................................... 7
1951/1952 Paris treaty: ....................................................................................................... 8
1957 Rome treaties: ........................................................................................................... 8
1965/1967 The merger treaty: ............................................................................................. 8
1966 Luxembourg compromise: ......................................................................................... 8
1970/1975 budget treaties (Treaty of Luxembourg and treaty of Brussels): ........................... 8
1985 Schengen treaty: ........................................................................................................ 9
1986/1987 single European act (SEA) .................................................................................. 9
1992/1993 Treaty of Maastricht/ Treaty of EU: ..................................................................... 9
1997/1999 treaty of Amsterdam: ....................................................................................... 10
2001/2003 treaty of Nice: .................................................................................................. 10
2007/2009 Treaty of Lisbon: .............................................................................................. 11
2012 treaty establishing the European stability mechanism (ESM): ................................... 11
treaty of accession: ......................................................................................................... 12
2013 Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary
Union (TSCG) ................................................................................................................... 12
Meetings and speeches (Thatcher)............................................................................ 13
1948 congress of The Hague: ............................................................................................ 13
1
, 1955 Messina Benelux memorandum for “reliance Europe needs”:................................... 13
1969 “spirits of The Hague” - political vision of EC: ........................................................... 13
1974 Paris summit: .......................................................................................................... 13
1979 M. Thatcher “Money back” speech - UK doesn’t benefit from CAP: ............................ 13
1984 Fontainebleau, EU council, “British rebate” - reduces money for cap; UK gets money
back: ............................................................................................................................... 14
1988 M. Thatcher “Bruges Speech” - accused Jack Delors of planning to create a socialist
supra-state: ..................................................................................................................... 14
1990 M. Thatcher summit in Chequers - stronger EU will not solve the DE question, but
that’s what happened: ..................................................................................................... 14
1990 Summit of European Council in Rome - EC should be under one roof: ........................ 14
Establishments......................................................................................................... 14
1948 OEEC (Organization for European Economic Co-operation) - 1961 OECD: .................. 14
1949 Council of Europe - London treaty, 10 states with UK: ............................................... 15
1952 European coal and steel community (ECSC): ............................................................ 15
1952 European Defense Community (EDC) / European Political Community (EPC) failed
1954 FR didn’t ratify- US troops in EU: ............................................................................... 15
1950s EDF (European Development Fund) - France in EEC negotiations, US gave it for EU
colonies development: .................................................................................................... 16
1958 EEC (European Economic Community) and Euratom: ................................................ 16
1960 EFTA (European Free Trade Association): .................................................................. 16
1974 European Council (EUCO), Lisbon gave It an official status ....................................... 17
1992 EMU (Economic and Monetary Union) and convergence criteria: ............................... 17
1993 EU: .......................................................................................................................... 17
1998 ECB (European Central Bank): .................................................................................. 17
2004 European civil service tribunal: ................................................................................ 17
Other important events ............................................................................................. 18
1944 Bretton Woods System:............................................................................................ 18
1949 Westintegration: ...................................................................................................... 18
1961 Birkelbach’s report - first time mentioned democratic criterion: ............................... 18
1965 Empty chair crisis - De Gaull (FR) stops attending meetings: ..................................... 18
1970 Ostpolitik - return to the DE question: ....................................................................... 19
1979 Monetary system and exchange rate mechanism - changes the collapsed BW system:
........................................................................................................................................ 19
1979 first European Parliament (EP) elections: .................................................................. 20
2
, 1993 Copenhagen criteria: ............................................................................................... 20
2016 Brexit referendum: ................................................................................................... 20
Rulings ..................................................................................................................... 21
1963 Van Gend en Loos ruling: .......................................................................................... 21
1964 Costa VS Enel ruling: ................................................................................................ 21
1979 Cassis de Dijon ruling:.............................................................................................. 21
Other events ............................................................................................................. 21
1929 beggar thy neighbor - economic crisis:...................................................................... 21
EU joins woods system: ................................................................................................... 22
1956 Suez Crisis: .............................................................................................................. 22
1961/1963 UK rejected in European Commission (EC) first time: ....................................... 22
1965 Proposal of Hallstein - more QMV (or at that time, greater majority voting): ............... 23
1967 UK rejected second time: ......................................................................................... 23
1969 De Gaulle changed by Pompidou in FR: ..................................................................... 23
1975 UK referendum for being in EC: ................................................................................. 23
1970s oil crisis - use war in Vietnam – Bretton Woods system collapses: ........................... 24
1970s renationalization: ................................................................................................... 24
1980s Neoliberalism - changes paternalistic state: ........................................................... 25
1980s mid UK wants out: .................................................................................................. 25
1984-1985 Miners strike in UK for closing collieries: .......................................................... 25
1981-1995 Francois Mitterrand President of FR: ................................................................ 26
1985 Dooge report - institutional reforms: ........................................................................ 27
1985 Delors white paper - completion of the internal market:............................................ 27
1999 virtual Euro - 2002 real euro: ..................................................................................... 28
2013 Brexit PM Cameron promise for a referendum: ......................................................... 28
EU Commission ........................................................................................................ 29
Council of the European Union (EU council) .............................................................. 30
Council of Europe (CoE) ............................................................................................ 30
European Council (EUCO) ......................................................................................... 31
European Parliament (EP) ......................................................................................... 31
EU policy cycle ......................................................................................................... 32
Ordinary Legislative Procedure (OLP) ........................................................................ 33
Competences in the EU ............................................................................................ 34
3
, Instruments of EU law and EU policy making ............................................................. 35
Regulations: .................................................................................................................... 35
Directives: ....................................................................................................................... 36
Decisions: ....................................................................................................................... 36
Court of justice of the European union (CJEU): .......................................................... 37
Court of justice (ECJ): ....................................................................................................... 37
General court: ................................................................................................................. 37
Civil service tribunal: ....................................................................................................... 38
Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) / Common Security and Defense Policy
(CSDP) ...................................................................................................................... 38
Berlin plus arrangement ................................................................................................... 38
TFEU articles 3-6 ....................................................................................................... 39
- Article 3 TFEU (Exclusive competences) .................................................................... 39
- Article 4 TFEU (shared competences) ........................................................................ 39
- Article 5 TFEU (coordinating competences) ............................................................... 39
- Article 6 TFEU (supporting/supplementary competences) ......................................... 39
Yellow card / orange card .......................................................................................... 40
Yellow card ...................................................................................................................... 40
Orange card ..................................................................................................................... 40
Timeline.................................................................................................................... 41
Before 1945 early plans .................................................................................................... 41
1944 – 1959 foundations of western integration ................................................................. 41
1960-1979 deepening and first crisis ................................................................................. 41
1980-1999 Relaunch, single market, Maastricht, euro ....................................................... 41
2000-2016 constitutional debate, big enlargement, crisis, Brexit ....................................... 42
Abbreviations/definitions.......................................................................................... 42
4
Table of Contents
Enlargements ............................................................................................................. 5
Plans .......................................................................................................................... 5
1923 Kalergi’s “Pan-Europa” plan:...................................................................................... 5
1930 Briand plan: ............................................................................................................... 6
1940 Nazis “funk” plan: ...................................................................................................... 6
1944/1945 Morgenthau plan - for DE after WW2: ................................................................. 6
1950 Schumann plan: ......................................................................................................... 6
1980 Altiero Spinelli “Crocodile club” - in 1984 developed a new federalist plan: ................ 7
1989 Helmut Kohl: 10-point plan for DE reunification: ......................................................... 7
Treaties ...................................................................................................................... 7
1949 London treaty: ........................................................................................................... 7
1951/1952 Paris treaty: ....................................................................................................... 8
1957 Rome treaties: ........................................................................................................... 8
1965/1967 The merger treaty: ............................................................................................. 8
1966 Luxembourg compromise: ......................................................................................... 8
1970/1975 budget treaties (Treaty of Luxembourg and treaty of Brussels): ........................... 8
1985 Schengen treaty: ........................................................................................................ 9
1986/1987 single European act (SEA) .................................................................................. 9
1992/1993 Treaty of Maastricht/ Treaty of EU: ..................................................................... 9
1997/1999 treaty of Amsterdam: ....................................................................................... 10
2001/2003 treaty of Nice: .................................................................................................. 10
2007/2009 Treaty of Lisbon: .............................................................................................. 11
2012 treaty establishing the European stability mechanism (ESM): ................................... 11
treaty of accession: ......................................................................................................... 12
2013 Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary
Union (TSCG) ................................................................................................................... 12
Meetings and speeches (Thatcher)............................................................................ 13
1948 congress of The Hague: ............................................................................................ 13
1
, 1955 Messina Benelux memorandum for “reliance Europe needs”:................................... 13
1969 “spirits of The Hague” - political vision of EC: ........................................................... 13
1974 Paris summit: .......................................................................................................... 13
1979 M. Thatcher “Money back” speech - UK doesn’t benefit from CAP: ............................ 13
1984 Fontainebleau, EU council, “British rebate” - reduces money for cap; UK gets money
back: ............................................................................................................................... 14
1988 M. Thatcher “Bruges Speech” - accused Jack Delors of planning to create a socialist
supra-state: ..................................................................................................................... 14
1990 M. Thatcher summit in Chequers - stronger EU will not solve the DE question, but
that’s what happened: ..................................................................................................... 14
1990 Summit of European Council in Rome - EC should be under one roof: ........................ 14
Establishments......................................................................................................... 14
1948 OEEC (Organization for European Economic Co-operation) - 1961 OECD: .................. 14
1949 Council of Europe - London treaty, 10 states with UK: ............................................... 15
1952 European coal and steel community (ECSC): ............................................................ 15
1952 European Defense Community (EDC) / European Political Community (EPC) failed
1954 FR didn’t ratify- US troops in EU: ............................................................................... 15
1950s EDF (European Development Fund) - France in EEC negotiations, US gave it for EU
colonies development: .................................................................................................... 16
1958 EEC (European Economic Community) and Euratom: ................................................ 16
1960 EFTA (European Free Trade Association): .................................................................. 16
1974 European Council (EUCO), Lisbon gave It an official status ....................................... 17
1992 EMU (Economic and Monetary Union) and convergence criteria: ............................... 17
1993 EU: .......................................................................................................................... 17
1998 ECB (European Central Bank): .................................................................................. 17
2004 European civil service tribunal: ................................................................................ 17
Other important events ............................................................................................. 18
1944 Bretton Woods System:............................................................................................ 18
1949 Westintegration: ...................................................................................................... 18
1961 Birkelbach’s report - first time mentioned democratic criterion: ............................... 18
1965 Empty chair crisis - De Gaull (FR) stops attending meetings: ..................................... 18
1970 Ostpolitik - return to the DE question: ....................................................................... 19
1979 Monetary system and exchange rate mechanism - changes the collapsed BW system:
........................................................................................................................................ 19
1979 first European Parliament (EP) elections: .................................................................. 20
2
, 1993 Copenhagen criteria: ............................................................................................... 20
2016 Brexit referendum: ................................................................................................... 20
Rulings ..................................................................................................................... 21
1963 Van Gend en Loos ruling: .......................................................................................... 21
1964 Costa VS Enel ruling: ................................................................................................ 21
1979 Cassis de Dijon ruling:.............................................................................................. 21
Other events ............................................................................................................. 21
1929 beggar thy neighbor - economic crisis:...................................................................... 21
EU joins woods system: ................................................................................................... 22
1956 Suez Crisis: .............................................................................................................. 22
1961/1963 UK rejected in European Commission (EC) first time: ....................................... 22
1965 Proposal of Hallstein - more QMV (or at that time, greater majority voting): ............... 23
1967 UK rejected second time: ......................................................................................... 23
1969 De Gaulle changed by Pompidou in FR: ..................................................................... 23
1975 UK referendum for being in EC: ................................................................................. 23
1970s oil crisis - use war in Vietnam – Bretton Woods system collapses: ........................... 24
1970s renationalization: ................................................................................................... 24
1980s Neoliberalism - changes paternalistic state: ........................................................... 25
1980s mid UK wants out: .................................................................................................. 25
1984-1985 Miners strike in UK for closing collieries: .......................................................... 25
1981-1995 Francois Mitterrand President of FR: ................................................................ 26
1985 Dooge report - institutional reforms: ........................................................................ 27
1985 Delors white paper - completion of the internal market:............................................ 27
1999 virtual Euro - 2002 real euro: ..................................................................................... 28
2013 Brexit PM Cameron promise for a referendum: ......................................................... 28
EU Commission ........................................................................................................ 29
Council of the European Union (EU council) .............................................................. 30
Council of Europe (CoE) ............................................................................................ 30
European Council (EUCO) ......................................................................................... 31
European Parliament (EP) ......................................................................................... 31
EU policy cycle ......................................................................................................... 32
Ordinary Legislative Procedure (OLP) ........................................................................ 33
Competences in the EU ............................................................................................ 34
3
, Instruments of EU law and EU policy making ............................................................. 35
Regulations: .................................................................................................................... 35
Directives: ....................................................................................................................... 36
Decisions: ....................................................................................................................... 36
Court of justice of the European union (CJEU): .......................................................... 37
Court of justice (ECJ): ....................................................................................................... 37
General court: ................................................................................................................. 37
Civil service tribunal: ....................................................................................................... 38
Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) / Common Security and Defense Policy
(CSDP) ...................................................................................................................... 38
Berlin plus arrangement ................................................................................................... 38
TFEU articles 3-6 ....................................................................................................... 39
- Article 3 TFEU (Exclusive competences) .................................................................... 39
- Article 4 TFEU (shared competences) ........................................................................ 39
- Article 5 TFEU (coordinating competences) ............................................................... 39
- Article 6 TFEU (supporting/supplementary competences) ......................................... 39
Yellow card / orange card .......................................................................................... 40
Yellow card ...................................................................................................................... 40
Orange card ..................................................................................................................... 40
Timeline.................................................................................................................... 41
Before 1945 early plans .................................................................................................... 41
1944 – 1959 foundations of western integration ................................................................. 41
1960-1979 deepening and first crisis ................................................................................. 41
1980-1999 Relaunch, single market, Maastricht, euro ....................................................... 41
2000-2016 constitutional debate, big enlargement, crisis, Brexit ....................................... 42
Abbreviations/definitions.......................................................................................... 42
4
