URI NUR 313 Exam 4 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2026/2027
Causes of nephrolithiasis - Answers Metabolic abnormalities, warm climate, large
protein/tea/fruit juice intake, large calcium/oxalate intake, low fluid intake
Diagnostic test for nephrolithiasis - Answers CT scan
Nursing interventions for nephrolithiasis - Answers Ureteral stent, nephrostomy tube, ESWL,
ureteroscopy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, nutrition therapy
meds: narcotics/NSAIDs, antiemetics, alpha-adrenergic blockers
Causes of kidney cancer - Answers Use of cigarettes, pipes, cigars; chewing tobacco, other
forms of smokeless tobacco; family history; obesity; hypertension; exposure to asbestos,
cadmium, and gasoline; people with cystic disease of the kidney associated with ESRD
Diagnostic tests for kidney cancer - Answers CT scan, MRI, ultrasound, urine cytology testing,
renal biopsy, radionuclide isotope scanning
Nursing interventions for kidney cancer - Answers Biological immunotherapy, targeted
medications, nephrectomy, radiation therapy
Causes of bladder cancer - Answers Cigarette smoking (#1); aromatic amine exposure from
rubber and chemical industries; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure from coal and
aluminum industries; chronic infection or inflammation; long-term indwelling urinary catheters;
women treated with radiation for cervical cancer; patients receiving cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Diagnostic tests for bladder cancer - Answers H&P, urine specimen, blood and urine tests, urine
C&S, cytoscopy/biopsy, CT scan, MRI, PET scan, ultrasound
Nursing interventions for bladder cancer - Answers Topical chemotherapy, immunotherapy,
targeted therapy, intravesical therapy
Causes of acute kidney injury - Answers Reduced renal blood flow, direct damage to the renal
parenchymal tissues, mechanical obstruction of the lower urinary tract
Diagnostic tests for acute kidney injury - Answers History, serum creatinine, urinalysis, kidney
ultrasound, renal scan, CT scan, renal biopsy
Nursing interventions for acute kidney injury - Answers Monitor fluid status: strict I&O, daily
weights, VS; maintain renal perfusion while correcting fluid overload; administer diuretics as
ordered; monitor and manage hyperkalemia; prepare for and support dialysis; provide nutritional
support with regulated sodium and potassium
Causes of chronic kidney disease - Answers Age > 60 years; obesity; cardiovascular diseases;
diabetes; ethnic minority; exposure to nephrotoxic drugs; family history of CKD; hypertension;
previous kidney diseases
, Diagnostic tests for chronic kidney disease - Answers Dipstick evaluation, blood and urine tests,
renal ultrasounds, kidney biopsy
Nursing interventions for chronic kidney disease - Answers Preserve kidney function and
prevent complications; early recognition and nephrology referral; monitor/manage hyperkalemia
and hypertension; manage anemia, bone/mineral disorder, and dyslipidemia; adjust medications
to prevent toxicity; provide renal diet management and dietitian referral; promote patient
comfort and education
Nursing interventions for dialysis - Answers Monitor fluid status, electrolytes, BUN/creatinine,
and vital signs; monitor access patency (thrill, bruit) and signs of infection; maintain aseptic
technique; monitor I&Os/daily weights;
Complications: hypotension, infection, bleeding, cramps
Nursing interventions for urinary diversions - Answers Prevent postop complications; monitor
stoma, urine output, and mucus; protect skin and ensure proper appliance fit; maintain hydration
and urine flow; prevent urinary retention (neobladder care); educate on signs of
infection/obstruction; support body image and adjustment
Prerenal AKI - Answers Decreased renal perfusion (e.g., hypovolemia, HF)
Intrarenal AKI - Answers Direct damage to kidney tissue (e.g., ATN, glomerulonephritis)
Postrenal AKI - Answers Obstruction of urine outflow (e.g., stones, enlarged prostate)
Oliguric phase - Answers Decreased urine output (<400 mL/day)
Diuretic phase - Answers Increased urine output with risk for dehydration and electrolyte loss
Recovery phase - Answers Gradual return of kidney function
Azotemia - Answers Elevated BUN and creatinine in the blood
Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) - Answers Damage to renal tubules from ischemia or nephrotoxins
Glomerulonephritis - Answers Inflammation of glomeruli causing hematuria and proteinuria
Renal cell carcinoma - Answers Most common kidney cancer arising from renal tubules
Robson's system - Answers Staging system for kidney cancer based on tumor spread
Radical nephrectomy - Answers Removal of kidney, adrenal gland, and surrounding tissue
Bladder cancer - Answers Malignancy of bladder lining, often transitional cell carcinoma
Jewett-strong-marshall system - Answers Bladder cancer staging based on depth of invasion
Causes of nephrolithiasis - Answers Metabolic abnormalities, warm climate, large
protein/tea/fruit juice intake, large calcium/oxalate intake, low fluid intake
Diagnostic test for nephrolithiasis - Answers CT scan
Nursing interventions for nephrolithiasis - Answers Ureteral stent, nephrostomy tube, ESWL,
ureteroscopy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, nutrition therapy
meds: narcotics/NSAIDs, antiemetics, alpha-adrenergic blockers
Causes of kidney cancer - Answers Use of cigarettes, pipes, cigars; chewing tobacco, other
forms of smokeless tobacco; family history; obesity; hypertension; exposure to asbestos,
cadmium, and gasoline; people with cystic disease of the kidney associated with ESRD
Diagnostic tests for kidney cancer - Answers CT scan, MRI, ultrasound, urine cytology testing,
renal biopsy, radionuclide isotope scanning
Nursing interventions for kidney cancer - Answers Biological immunotherapy, targeted
medications, nephrectomy, radiation therapy
Causes of bladder cancer - Answers Cigarette smoking (#1); aromatic amine exposure from
rubber and chemical industries; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure from coal and
aluminum industries; chronic infection or inflammation; long-term indwelling urinary catheters;
women treated with radiation for cervical cancer; patients receiving cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Diagnostic tests for bladder cancer - Answers H&P, urine specimen, blood and urine tests, urine
C&S, cytoscopy/biopsy, CT scan, MRI, PET scan, ultrasound
Nursing interventions for bladder cancer - Answers Topical chemotherapy, immunotherapy,
targeted therapy, intravesical therapy
Causes of acute kidney injury - Answers Reduced renal blood flow, direct damage to the renal
parenchymal tissues, mechanical obstruction of the lower urinary tract
Diagnostic tests for acute kidney injury - Answers History, serum creatinine, urinalysis, kidney
ultrasound, renal scan, CT scan, renal biopsy
Nursing interventions for acute kidney injury - Answers Monitor fluid status: strict I&O, daily
weights, VS; maintain renal perfusion while correcting fluid overload; administer diuretics as
ordered; monitor and manage hyperkalemia; prepare for and support dialysis; provide nutritional
support with regulated sodium and potassium
Causes of chronic kidney disease - Answers Age > 60 years; obesity; cardiovascular diseases;
diabetes; ethnic minority; exposure to nephrotoxic drugs; family history of CKD; hypertension;
previous kidney diseases
, Diagnostic tests for chronic kidney disease - Answers Dipstick evaluation, blood and urine tests,
renal ultrasounds, kidney biopsy
Nursing interventions for chronic kidney disease - Answers Preserve kidney function and
prevent complications; early recognition and nephrology referral; monitor/manage hyperkalemia
and hypertension; manage anemia, bone/mineral disorder, and dyslipidemia; adjust medications
to prevent toxicity; provide renal diet management and dietitian referral; promote patient
comfort and education
Nursing interventions for dialysis - Answers Monitor fluid status, electrolytes, BUN/creatinine,
and vital signs; monitor access patency (thrill, bruit) and signs of infection; maintain aseptic
technique; monitor I&Os/daily weights;
Complications: hypotension, infection, bleeding, cramps
Nursing interventions for urinary diversions - Answers Prevent postop complications; monitor
stoma, urine output, and mucus; protect skin and ensure proper appliance fit; maintain hydration
and urine flow; prevent urinary retention (neobladder care); educate on signs of
infection/obstruction; support body image and adjustment
Prerenal AKI - Answers Decreased renal perfusion (e.g., hypovolemia, HF)
Intrarenal AKI - Answers Direct damage to kidney tissue (e.g., ATN, glomerulonephritis)
Postrenal AKI - Answers Obstruction of urine outflow (e.g., stones, enlarged prostate)
Oliguric phase - Answers Decreased urine output (<400 mL/day)
Diuretic phase - Answers Increased urine output with risk for dehydration and electrolyte loss
Recovery phase - Answers Gradual return of kidney function
Azotemia - Answers Elevated BUN and creatinine in the blood
Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) - Answers Damage to renal tubules from ischemia or nephrotoxins
Glomerulonephritis - Answers Inflammation of glomeruli causing hematuria and proteinuria
Renal cell carcinoma - Answers Most common kidney cancer arising from renal tubules
Robson's system - Answers Staging system for kidney cancer based on tumor spread
Radical nephrectomy - Answers Removal of kidney, adrenal gland, and surrounding tissue
Bladder cancer - Answers Malignancy of bladder lining, often transitional cell carcinoma
Jewett-strong-marshall system - Answers Bladder cancer staging based on depth of invasion
