Pathophysiology Exam 1 Practice
Problems Questions and Answers
1. A
patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a
lobe of his liver. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads
to of
the remaining liver cells.
A. Metaplasia
B. Organ atrophy
C. Compensatory hyperplasia
D. Physiologic hyperplasia
ANS C
2. An older adult patient comes to the clinic complaining of not
being able to do what he used to be able to. You know that normal
changes associated with aging include (Select all that apply.)
A. Improved blood flow
B. Slowed metabolic rate
C. Decreased brain weight
D. Improved nerve fiber conduction
E. Less respiratory capacity
, ANS B, C, E
3. A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus
medical clinic for a scheduled Pap smear. The clinician who will
interpret the smear will examine cell samples for evidence of
A. Changes in cell shape, size, and organization
B. Presence of unexpected cell types
C. Ischemic changes in cell sample
D. Abnormally high numbers of cells
ANS A
4. The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their
daughter has admitted to chewing and swallowing imported toy
figurines that have been determined to be made of lead. Which of
the following blood tests should the care team prioritize?
A. White blood cell levels with differential
B. Red blood cell levels and morphology
C. Urea and creatinine levels
D. Liver function panel
ANS B Lead -> anemia, RBC
lysis
You know it's not A because there is no infection involved. C is focused on kidney function while D is
,focused on liver function. Both of these would be important in the case of lead poisoning BUT the priority
answer is B, because you need first to address the most life-threatening patient needs. The little girl in this
question can go into shock or suffer permanent organ damage if her RBCs are low.
5. A patient with severe peripheral vascular disease has developed
signs of dry
gangrene on the great toe of one foot. Which of the following
pathophysiologic processes most likely contributed to this
diagnosis?
A. Inappropriate activation of apoptosis
B. Bacterial invasion
C. Impaired arterial blood supply
D. Metaplastic cellular changes
ANS B
Remember that it's not C because to have gangrene, you must have infection
6. Although stress exposure initiates integrated responses by multiple
systems, the most important changes are first activated by which
system?
A. Pulmonary
B. Gastrointestinal
C. Neuroendocrine
, D. Cardiovascular
ANS C
7. Which manifestation of stress reflects the non-specific fight or
flight
response?
A. Decreased pupillary light response
B. Increased GI motility
C. Decreased short-term memory
D. Increased cardiopulmonary rates
ANS D
This would fall under physiologic responses to stress!! Slide 25 in your lecture power-point
8. Stress-induced cortisol hormone secretion is associated with
A. Increased growth hormone level
B. Regulation of the stress response
C. Increased thyroid-stimulating hormone
D. Depressed adrenal gland function
ANS B
Problems Questions and Answers
1. A
patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a
lobe of his liver. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads
to of
the remaining liver cells.
A. Metaplasia
B. Organ atrophy
C. Compensatory hyperplasia
D. Physiologic hyperplasia
ANS C
2. An older adult patient comes to the clinic complaining of not
being able to do what he used to be able to. You know that normal
changes associated with aging include (Select all that apply.)
A. Improved blood flow
B. Slowed metabolic rate
C. Decreased brain weight
D. Improved nerve fiber conduction
E. Less respiratory capacity
, ANS B, C, E
3. A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus
medical clinic for a scheduled Pap smear. The clinician who will
interpret the smear will examine cell samples for evidence of
A. Changes in cell shape, size, and organization
B. Presence of unexpected cell types
C. Ischemic changes in cell sample
D. Abnormally high numbers of cells
ANS A
4. The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their
daughter has admitted to chewing and swallowing imported toy
figurines that have been determined to be made of lead. Which of
the following blood tests should the care team prioritize?
A. White blood cell levels with differential
B. Red blood cell levels and morphology
C. Urea and creatinine levels
D. Liver function panel
ANS B Lead -> anemia, RBC
lysis
You know it's not A because there is no infection involved. C is focused on kidney function while D is
,focused on liver function. Both of these would be important in the case of lead poisoning BUT the priority
answer is B, because you need first to address the most life-threatening patient needs. The little girl in this
question can go into shock or suffer permanent organ damage if her RBCs are low.
5. A patient with severe peripheral vascular disease has developed
signs of dry
gangrene on the great toe of one foot. Which of the following
pathophysiologic processes most likely contributed to this
diagnosis?
A. Inappropriate activation of apoptosis
B. Bacterial invasion
C. Impaired arterial blood supply
D. Metaplastic cellular changes
ANS B
Remember that it's not C because to have gangrene, you must have infection
6. Although stress exposure initiates integrated responses by multiple
systems, the most important changes are first activated by which
system?
A. Pulmonary
B. Gastrointestinal
C. Neuroendocrine
, D. Cardiovascular
ANS C
7. Which manifestation of stress reflects the non-specific fight or
flight
response?
A. Decreased pupillary light response
B. Increased GI motility
C. Decreased short-term memory
D. Increased cardiopulmonary rates
ANS D
This would fall under physiologic responses to stress!! Slide 25 in your lecture power-point
8. Stress-induced cortisol hormone secretion is associated with
A. Increased growth hormone level
B. Regulation of the stress response
C. Increased thyroid-stimulating hormone
D. Depressed adrenal gland function
ANS B
