HOSA Pathophysiology Digestive System Questions and
Answers Rated A
Missing Teeth - --Permanent teeth between teeth and gums in ging. that expose the
missing. root; plaque develops; halitosis
-S&S- Malocclusion (improper positioning of ~Plaque biofilm and unchecked gingivitis; poor
teeth), jaw pain, bolting (inadequate chewing of personal oral hygiene; smoking.
food).
~Congenital, periodontal disease
Oral Tumors - --Neoplasms,
benign(noncancerous) or malignant(cancerous),
Impacted Third Molars (Wisdom Teeth) - -- localized or invasive.
Third molar is malpositioned, preventing tooth -S&S- begin as single, small pale lumps. Benign
eruption. do not metastasize.
~Become impacted when they don't have ~Unknown cause
enough room for eruption due to bone structure;
adjacent teeth block eruption
Malocclusion - --Specific angles of
malposition and contact of the maxillary and
Dental Caries (Tooth Decay) - --Erosion of mandibular teeth, faulty bite
tooth surface causing infection. -S&S- protrusion/recession of the jaw; teeth
-S&S-Mild toothache, hypersensitivity to sweets turned/twisted out of position because of
and temp. extremes crowding
~Acid plaque eroding tooth enamel causing ~Characteristics inherited from parents; early loss
formation of cavity of primary teeth or oral habits (thumb/finger
sucking)
Discolored Teeth - --Teeth are discolored
-S&S- colors from slight yellow to brown and Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Syndrome -
gray; brown spots, patches --Symptom complex related to
~Age, Smoking, Dead tooth (gray color), red inflammation, disease, or dysfunction of
wine, coffee, tea, food, certain drugs, pertussis temporomandibular joint
(whooping cough) -S&S- clicking sounds during chewing; severe
pain/aching beind ears and jaw joints, headache,
dizziness
Gingivitis - --Inflammation and swelling of ~Bruxism (grinding of teeth); malocclusion;
gums habitual gum chewing
-S&S- gums become red,soft, and shiny; bleed
easily; leads to periodontitis if not treated
~Plaque (sticky deposit of mucus, bacteria andTooth Abscesses - --Pus-filled sac in the
food particles that builds up as a result of tissue surrounding the base of the root
inadequate brushing and flossing) -S&S- persistent aches/throbs; glands in neck
and face become swollen/tender; fever
~Forms when a tooth is decayed/dying or when
Periodontitis - --Destructive gum and bone the tooth structure loss exposes the dental nerve
disease around one or more of the teeth to mouth bacteria
-S&S- end result of gingivitis; pockets form
1/6
, HOSA Pathophysiology Digestive System Questions and
Answers Rated A
Mouth Ulcers (Canker Sores) - --Lesion on
the mucous membrane, exposing underlying Oral Leukoplakia - --Leukoplakia or white
sensitive tissue plaque is a thickening and hardening of a part of
-S&S- aphthous: occur during stress/illness; the mucous membrane in the mouth
traumatic: from injury (hot food burn, rough -S&S- can vary in size; mucous membrane
denture) become rough, hard, and whitish gray, sensitive
~No viral cause known. Acute ulcerations- viral to hot or highly seasoned foods
and bacterial infections, mechanical trauma, ~Chronic irritation e.g friction caused by habitual
stress, or illness cheek biting, rough teeth that rubs an area raw;
reaction to heat from tobacco smoke
Herpes Simplex (Cold Sores) - --
Contagious recurrent viral infection affecting skin Oral Cancer - --Squamous cell carcinoma
and mucous membranes and adenocarcinoma of the oral cavity (lips,
-S&S- on lips and inside the mouth; tingling and cheek mucosa, anterior tongue, mouth floor, hard
numbness around the mouth precede the palate, upper and lower gingiva
appearance (prodrome- initial stage of disease -S&S- white, patchy lesion or an oral ulcer that
before onset of actual symptoms) fails to heal, pain occurs late in disease process
~Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1); recurrent which delays seeking medical treatment,
because virus can lie dormant dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), odynophagia
(painful swallowing), weight loss
~Smoking, alcohol, betel nut chewing (SE Asia)
Thrush - --Candidiasis of the oral mucosa
(mouth, tongue, palate, and gums)
-S&S- burning sensation in the mouth; painful Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) -
when rubbed; light bleeding might occur; sore --Regurgitation of stomach and duodenal
slightly raised pale yellow patches in the mouth contents into the esophagus
and sometimes the throat -S&S- belching with burning sensation in chest
~The fungus Candida albicans; can multiply out and mouth; dysphagia; eroded tooth enamel
of control; prolonged treatment of antibiotics; ~Overeating, pregnancy, or weight; relaxation of
cancer chemotherapy; diabetes the lower esophageal sphincter; increase in
intraabdominal pressure
-Treatment: proton pump inhibitor
Necrotizing Periodontal Disease - --
Infection affecting the gums and the anchoring
structure of the teeth Esophageal Varices - --Dilated submucosal
-S&S- primary symptom: painful, red, swollen veins that develop in patients w/ underlying portal
gums with ulcers that bleed; gray gums in areas hypertension
of decomposing tissue; metallic taste -S&S- superficial veins lining the esophagus
~anaerobic opportunistic bacteria; results from become dilated and twitsted at the distal end;
poor oral hygiene and bacterial infection with rupture hematemesis(vomiting of blood);
secondary to gingivitis; stress; poor nutrition; melena (dark, tarry stools stained with digested
smoking blood); hypovolemic shock (blood in the
2/6
Answers Rated A
Missing Teeth - --Permanent teeth between teeth and gums in ging. that expose the
missing. root; plaque develops; halitosis
-S&S- Malocclusion (improper positioning of ~Plaque biofilm and unchecked gingivitis; poor
teeth), jaw pain, bolting (inadequate chewing of personal oral hygiene; smoking.
food).
~Congenital, periodontal disease
Oral Tumors - --Neoplasms,
benign(noncancerous) or malignant(cancerous),
Impacted Third Molars (Wisdom Teeth) - -- localized or invasive.
Third molar is malpositioned, preventing tooth -S&S- begin as single, small pale lumps. Benign
eruption. do not metastasize.
~Become impacted when they don't have ~Unknown cause
enough room for eruption due to bone structure;
adjacent teeth block eruption
Malocclusion - --Specific angles of
malposition and contact of the maxillary and
Dental Caries (Tooth Decay) - --Erosion of mandibular teeth, faulty bite
tooth surface causing infection. -S&S- protrusion/recession of the jaw; teeth
-S&S-Mild toothache, hypersensitivity to sweets turned/twisted out of position because of
and temp. extremes crowding
~Acid plaque eroding tooth enamel causing ~Characteristics inherited from parents; early loss
formation of cavity of primary teeth or oral habits (thumb/finger
sucking)
Discolored Teeth - --Teeth are discolored
-S&S- colors from slight yellow to brown and Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Syndrome -
gray; brown spots, patches --Symptom complex related to
~Age, Smoking, Dead tooth (gray color), red inflammation, disease, or dysfunction of
wine, coffee, tea, food, certain drugs, pertussis temporomandibular joint
(whooping cough) -S&S- clicking sounds during chewing; severe
pain/aching beind ears and jaw joints, headache,
dizziness
Gingivitis - --Inflammation and swelling of ~Bruxism (grinding of teeth); malocclusion;
gums habitual gum chewing
-S&S- gums become red,soft, and shiny; bleed
easily; leads to periodontitis if not treated
~Plaque (sticky deposit of mucus, bacteria andTooth Abscesses - --Pus-filled sac in the
food particles that builds up as a result of tissue surrounding the base of the root
inadequate brushing and flossing) -S&S- persistent aches/throbs; glands in neck
and face become swollen/tender; fever
~Forms when a tooth is decayed/dying or when
Periodontitis - --Destructive gum and bone the tooth structure loss exposes the dental nerve
disease around one or more of the teeth to mouth bacteria
-S&S- end result of gingivitis; pockets form
1/6
, HOSA Pathophysiology Digestive System Questions and
Answers Rated A
Mouth Ulcers (Canker Sores) - --Lesion on
the mucous membrane, exposing underlying Oral Leukoplakia - --Leukoplakia or white
sensitive tissue plaque is a thickening and hardening of a part of
-S&S- aphthous: occur during stress/illness; the mucous membrane in the mouth
traumatic: from injury (hot food burn, rough -S&S- can vary in size; mucous membrane
denture) become rough, hard, and whitish gray, sensitive
~No viral cause known. Acute ulcerations- viral to hot or highly seasoned foods
and bacterial infections, mechanical trauma, ~Chronic irritation e.g friction caused by habitual
stress, or illness cheek biting, rough teeth that rubs an area raw;
reaction to heat from tobacco smoke
Herpes Simplex (Cold Sores) - --
Contagious recurrent viral infection affecting skin Oral Cancer - --Squamous cell carcinoma
and mucous membranes and adenocarcinoma of the oral cavity (lips,
-S&S- on lips and inside the mouth; tingling and cheek mucosa, anterior tongue, mouth floor, hard
numbness around the mouth precede the palate, upper and lower gingiva
appearance (prodrome- initial stage of disease -S&S- white, patchy lesion or an oral ulcer that
before onset of actual symptoms) fails to heal, pain occurs late in disease process
~Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1); recurrent which delays seeking medical treatment,
because virus can lie dormant dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), odynophagia
(painful swallowing), weight loss
~Smoking, alcohol, betel nut chewing (SE Asia)
Thrush - --Candidiasis of the oral mucosa
(mouth, tongue, palate, and gums)
-S&S- burning sensation in the mouth; painful Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) -
when rubbed; light bleeding might occur; sore --Regurgitation of stomach and duodenal
slightly raised pale yellow patches in the mouth contents into the esophagus
and sometimes the throat -S&S- belching with burning sensation in chest
~The fungus Candida albicans; can multiply out and mouth; dysphagia; eroded tooth enamel
of control; prolonged treatment of antibiotics; ~Overeating, pregnancy, or weight; relaxation of
cancer chemotherapy; diabetes the lower esophageal sphincter; increase in
intraabdominal pressure
-Treatment: proton pump inhibitor
Necrotizing Periodontal Disease - --
Infection affecting the gums and the anchoring
structure of the teeth Esophageal Varices - --Dilated submucosal
-S&S- primary symptom: painful, red, swollen veins that develop in patients w/ underlying portal
gums with ulcers that bleed; gray gums in areas hypertension
of decomposing tissue; metallic taste -S&S- superficial veins lining the esophagus
~anaerobic opportunistic bacteria; results from become dilated and twitsted at the distal end;
poor oral hygiene and bacterial infection with rupture hematemesis(vomiting of blood);
secondary to gingivitis; stress; poor nutrition; melena (dark, tarry stools stained with digested
smoking blood); hypovolemic shock (blood in the
2/6
