FAD 3220 UPDATED EXAM SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Reversibility - ✔✔the notion that processes transforming a stimulus can be reversed,
returning it to its original form
✔✔Decentering - ✔✔the ability to take multiple aspects of a situation into account
✔✔Information processing approach - ✔✔children handle information with increasing
sophistication
✔✔Memory - ✔✔the process by which information is initially recorded, stored, and
retrieved
✔✔Vygotsky's approach - ✔✔cognitive advances occur through exposure to information
within a child's zone of proximal development
encourage development of classroom practices that promote children's active
participation in their learning
✔✔Language development - ✔✔happens through exposure to vocab-rich environments
always teaching "language of instruction", listening to teacher "model" good speech and
interesting sentences, specific teaching of the meaning of prefixes, roots and suffixes
✔✔Intonation - ✔✔passive voice and conditional sentences increase
✔✔Phonemes - ✔✔units of sound
✔✔Pragmatics - ✔✔rules governing the use of language to communicate in social
settings
✔✔Metalinguistic awareness - ✔✔increasing understanding of their own language
✔✔Erikson - ✔✔industry vs inferiority stage- period from age 6 to 12 characterized by a
focus on efforts to attain competence in meeting the challenges presented by parents,
peers, school, and other complexities of the modern world
✔✔Self-concept - ✔✔the understanding of one's self: who am I?
characterize themselves in terms of psychological attributes and physical achievements
✔✔Parenting styles - ✔✔parents can break the cycle of failure by promoting their child's
self-esteem
, authoritative childbearing- warm, emotionally supportive, while still setting limits for
child's behavior
other styles have less positive effects on on self-esteem
✔✔Moral Development (Kohlberg) - ✔✔people's response to moral dilemmas reveal
their stage of ________________- as well as information about their level of cognitive
development
✔✔preconventional morality - ✔✔stages 1 & 2
avoidance of punishment and desire for rewards
✔✔conventional morality - ✔✔stages 3 & 4
membership in society becomes important. people behave in ways that will win the
approval of others
✔✔postconventional morality - ✔✔stage 5 & 6
people accept that there are certain ideals and principles of morality that must govern
our actions. these ideals are more important than any particular society's rules
✔✔Kohlberg - ✔✔Moral development has fixed stages in development
✔✔moral reasoning level 1 - ✔✔preconventional morality- avoidance of punishment and
desire for rewards
-stage 1: obedience and punishment orientation
-stage 2: reward orientation
✔✔moral reasoning level 2 - ✔✔conventional morality: behave in ways that will win
approval of others
-stage 3: "good boy morality"
-stage 4: authority and social-order-maintaining morality
✔✔moral reasoning level 3 - ✔✔postconventional morality: certain ideals and principles
of morality that must govern our actions
-stage 5: morality of contract, individual rights, and democratically accepted law
-stage 6: morality of individual principles and conscience
✔✔Social competence - ✔✔the collection of social skills that permit individuals to
perform successfully in social settings
✔✔Friendship - ✔✔provide children with information about the world as well as
themselves, teach children how to communicate with each other
✔✔Stage 1 of friendship - ✔✔-ages 4-7
-basing friendships on others' behaviors
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Reversibility - ✔✔the notion that processes transforming a stimulus can be reversed,
returning it to its original form
✔✔Decentering - ✔✔the ability to take multiple aspects of a situation into account
✔✔Information processing approach - ✔✔children handle information with increasing
sophistication
✔✔Memory - ✔✔the process by which information is initially recorded, stored, and
retrieved
✔✔Vygotsky's approach - ✔✔cognitive advances occur through exposure to information
within a child's zone of proximal development
encourage development of classroom practices that promote children's active
participation in their learning
✔✔Language development - ✔✔happens through exposure to vocab-rich environments
always teaching "language of instruction", listening to teacher "model" good speech and
interesting sentences, specific teaching of the meaning of prefixes, roots and suffixes
✔✔Intonation - ✔✔passive voice and conditional sentences increase
✔✔Phonemes - ✔✔units of sound
✔✔Pragmatics - ✔✔rules governing the use of language to communicate in social
settings
✔✔Metalinguistic awareness - ✔✔increasing understanding of their own language
✔✔Erikson - ✔✔industry vs inferiority stage- period from age 6 to 12 characterized by a
focus on efforts to attain competence in meeting the challenges presented by parents,
peers, school, and other complexities of the modern world
✔✔Self-concept - ✔✔the understanding of one's self: who am I?
characterize themselves in terms of psychological attributes and physical achievements
✔✔Parenting styles - ✔✔parents can break the cycle of failure by promoting their child's
self-esteem
, authoritative childbearing- warm, emotionally supportive, while still setting limits for
child's behavior
other styles have less positive effects on on self-esteem
✔✔Moral Development (Kohlberg) - ✔✔people's response to moral dilemmas reveal
their stage of ________________- as well as information about their level of cognitive
development
✔✔preconventional morality - ✔✔stages 1 & 2
avoidance of punishment and desire for rewards
✔✔conventional morality - ✔✔stages 3 & 4
membership in society becomes important. people behave in ways that will win the
approval of others
✔✔postconventional morality - ✔✔stage 5 & 6
people accept that there are certain ideals and principles of morality that must govern
our actions. these ideals are more important than any particular society's rules
✔✔Kohlberg - ✔✔Moral development has fixed stages in development
✔✔moral reasoning level 1 - ✔✔preconventional morality- avoidance of punishment and
desire for rewards
-stage 1: obedience and punishment orientation
-stage 2: reward orientation
✔✔moral reasoning level 2 - ✔✔conventional morality: behave in ways that will win
approval of others
-stage 3: "good boy morality"
-stage 4: authority and social-order-maintaining morality
✔✔moral reasoning level 3 - ✔✔postconventional morality: certain ideals and principles
of morality that must govern our actions
-stage 5: morality of contract, individual rights, and democratically accepted law
-stage 6: morality of individual principles and conscience
✔✔Social competence - ✔✔the collection of social skills that permit individuals to
perform successfully in social settings
✔✔Friendship - ✔✔provide children with information about the world as well as
themselves, teach children how to communicate with each other
✔✔Stage 1 of friendship - ✔✔-ages 4-7
-basing friendships on others' behaviors
