NURS 305 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is Beers Criteria? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A guideline for healthcare providers to identify
medications appropriate for the older adult, that do not cause unnecessary harm.
What are drug schedules? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Classifications that categorize drugs based on their
potential for abuse.
Schedule 1 has the _________ abuse potential... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- highest
- and is not medically prescribed in the US
Schedule 5 has the _________ abuse potential... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- lowest
What are controlled substances? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Substances that have abuse potential and
should be classified (with drug schedules) based on their likelihood of being abused
Are immediate release tablets able to be crushed? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅YES
Are extended release and enteric coated tablets able to be crushed? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅NO
Describe sublingual medication administration... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Dissolves under the tongue
Describe Buccal medication administration... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Dissolves in the cheek
Can capsules be opened? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Some may, some may not! Check with provider.
Describe the administration of Transdermal Patches? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- Remove old patch,
before applying the new one
- Rotate sites
,What type of medications are given parenterally? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- Injections
- Infusions
What type of medications undergo the first pass effect? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅PO (by mouth)
medications
What is the first pass effect? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Decreased absorption of a medication due to
reaching the GI tract before it reaches systemic circulation.
Which method of pharmacokinetics does the first pass effect effect? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅ABSORPTION
What is the primary organ involved in Metabolism? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The Liver
What is the primary organ involved in Excretion? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The Kidneys
What is a half-life? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The amount of time it takes for 50% of the medication to be
excreted from the body.
How many half-lives does it take for a medication to be fully excreted from the body? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅5 half-lives
What is a steady state? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅When the rate of excretion = the rate of absorption to
ensure full therapeutic effect of a medication regimen
Describe the onset of a medication... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The amount of time it takes for a
medication to have a therapeutic effect
Describe the peak of a medication... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The amount of time it takes for a
medication to have its FULL therapeutic effect
, Describe the duration of a medication... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The length of a medication's
therapeutic effect
In relation to drawing blood levels, what is a peak? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The maximum
concentration of a medication in the bloodstream - draw blood at the medication's PEAK time
In relation to drawing blood levels, what is a trough? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The minimum
concentration of a medication in the bloodstream - draw blood right before the next dose of medication
is due.
What is Empiric Therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Broad spectrum antibiotic therapy, that targets the
most likely bacteria causing the infection
What is Definitive Therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Antibiotic therapy initiated after culture and
sensitivities return (targets the EXACT bacteria causing the infection)
What is Prophylactic Therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Antibiotic therapy used to PREVENT an infection
What way does Hypertonic Solutions shift fluid? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Outside of the cells > Cells
shrink
What way does Hypotonic Solutions shift fluid? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Into the cell > Cells swell
What way does Isotonic Solutions shift fluid? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅NO FLUID MOVEMENT/SHIFT
What is an example of Hypertonic Solutions? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅3% NS
What is an example of Isotonic Solutions? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅0.9% NS or Lactated Ringer's Solution
What is an example of Hypotonic Solutions? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅0.45% NS
What is Beers Criteria? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A guideline for healthcare providers to identify
medications appropriate for the older adult, that do not cause unnecessary harm.
What are drug schedules? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Classifications that categorize drugs based on their
potential for abuse.
Schedule 1 has the _________ abuse potential... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- highest
- and is not medically prescribed in the US
Schedule 5 has the _________ abuse potential... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- lowest
What are controlled substances? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Substances that have abuse potential and
should be classified (with drug schedules) based on their likelihood of being abused
Are immediate release tablets able to be crushed? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅YES
Are extended release and enteric coated tablets able to be crushed? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅NO
Describe sublingual medication administration... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Dissolves under the tongue
Describe Buccal medication administration... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Dissolves in the cheek
Can capsules be opened? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Some may, some may not! Check with provider.
Describe the administration of Transdermal Patches? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- Remove old patch,
before applying the new one
- Rotate sites
,What type of medications are given parenterally? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- Injections
- Infusions
What type of medications undergo the first pass effect? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅PO (by mouth)
medications
What is the first pass effect? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Decreased absorption of a medication due to
reaching the GI tract before it reaches systemic circulation.
Which method of pharmacokinetics does the first pass effect effect? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅ABSORPTION
What is the primary organ involved in Metabolism? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The Liver
What is the primary organ involved in Excretion? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The Kidneys
What is a half-life? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The amount of time it takes for 50% of the medication to be
excreted from the body.
How many half-lives does it take for a medication to be fully excreted from the body? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅5 half-lives
What is a steady state? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅When the rate of excretion = the rate of absorption to
ensure full therapeutic effect of a medication regimen
Describe the onset of a medication... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The amount of time it takes for a
medication to have a therapeutic effect
Describe the peak of a medication... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The amount of time it takes for a
medication to have its FULL therapeutic effect
, Describe the duration of a medication... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The length of a medication's
therapeutic effect
In relation to drawing blood levels, what is a peak? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The maximum
concentration of a medication in the bloodstream - draw blood at the medication's PEAK time
In relation to drawing blood levels, what is a trough? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The minimum
concentration of a medication in the bloodstream - draw blood right before the next dose of medication
is due.
What is Empiric Therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Broad spectrum antibiotic therapy, that targets the
most likely bacteria causing the infection
What is Definitive Therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Antibiotic therapy initiated after culture and
sensitivities return (targets the EXACT bacteria causing the infection)
What is Prophylactic Therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Antibiotic therapy used to PREVENT an infection
What way does Hypertonic Solutions shift fluid? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Outside of the cells > Cells
shrink
What way does Hypotonic Solutions shift fluid? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Into the cell > Cells swell
What way does Isotonic Solutions shift fluid? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅NO FLUID MOVEMENT/SHIFT
What is an example of Hypertonic Solutions? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅3% NS
What is an example of Isotonic Solutions? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅0.9% NS or Lactated Ringer's Solution
What is an example of Hypotonic Solutions? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅0.45% NS
