PSY 120 PRACTICE TIPS EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔thalamus - ✔✔relay station that distributes information to other regions of the brain
(Cannon-Bard thought this was source emotions)
✔✔cerebral cortex - ✔✔responsible for thinking, perceiving, producing, and
understanding language;information processing
✔✔amygdala - ✔✔creates emotions and processes information
✔✔medulla oblongata - ✔✔responsible for automatic functions (i.e. breathing) and
makes reflexes (i.e. sneezing)
✔✔olfactory cortex - ✔✔receives direct sensory input
✔✔reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) - ✔✔-Jeffrey Gray
-states that approach and avoidance are housed within the brain's circuitry
✔✔Behavioral Approach System (BAS) - ✔✔people are motivated to approach
desirable outcomes
✔✔Behavioral Inhibition(Avoidance) System (BIS) - ✔✔people become motivated to
prevent/avoid undesirable outcomes
✔✔high arousal - ✔✔excitement
✔✔low arousal - ✔✔calm
✔✔negative valence - ✔✔unpleasant(sad)
✔✔positive valence - ✔✔pleasant(happy)
✔✔pituitary gland - ✔✔controls various bodily functions secretes hormones
✔✔hippocampus - ✔✔regulates emotions and memory (long-term)
✔✔theory of operant conditioning - ✔✔-B.F. Skinner
-a form of learning that occurs through the learned association of behavior to
punishment or reward (requires underlying motivation)
✔✔sociometer theory - ✔✔-Mark Leary
-proposes that self-esteem is a barometer of social belongingness such that indications
of social exclusion results in lowered self-esteem
, >belongingness: crucial motivation
>self-esteem: how positively/negatively our attitudes are to ourselves (specific
mechanism to detect belongingness)
✔✔James-Lange theory of emotion - ✔✔-holds that stimuli cause bodily changes (i.e.
increased arousal) which in turn causes emotional experiences
>emotion is product of physical changes in our bodies
-stimulus is presented->physical/bodily change
->emotion
✔✔Commonsense theory of emotion - ✔✔-holds that stimuli cause emotional
experiences, which in turn cause bodily changes (i.e. increases in arousal)
-stimulus->emotion->bodily change
✔✔Cannon-Bard theory of emotion - ✔✔-holds that stimuli cause bodily changes and
emotional experiences simultaneously
>emotions caused by the thalamus
-stimulus->emotion and bodily change simultaneously
✔✔Schacter-Singer theory of emotion - ✔✔-holds that stimuli cause bodily changes (i.e.
increases in arousal) and these changes are evaluated by the brain in context, the
bodily changes and the evaluation determine the strength and type of emotion
experienced
-stimulus->bodily changes->evaluation in context
->emotion
✔✔both biological and cultural in origin - ✔✔Gender differences in emotion are
almost entirely biological in origin
almost entirely cultural in origin
both biological and cultural in origin
✔✔poor by industrialized countries' standards and happy - ✔✔Research studying the
Maasi culture of Northern Tanzania shows that they are ?
poor by industrialized countries' standards
happy
violent
✔✔it was not parsimonious and it could not explain highly cortex behaviors like voting -
✔✔One of the problems with instinct theory was that ?
it could not explain why infants seemed to be born with certain abilities
it was not parsimonious
it could not explain highly cortex behaviors like voting
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔thalamus - ✔✔relay station that distributes information to other regions of the brain
(Cannon-Bard thought this was source emotions)
✔✔cerebral cortex - ✔✔responsible for thinking, perceiving, producing, and
understanding language;information processing
✔✔amygdala - ✔✔creates emotions and processes information
✔✔medulla oblongata - ✔✔responsible for automatic functions (i.e. breathing) and
makes reflexes (i.e. sneezing)
✔✔olfactory cortex - ✔✔receives direct sensory input
✔✔reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) - ✔✔-Jeffrey Gray
-states that approach and avoidance are housed within the brain's circuitry
✔✔Behavioral Approach System (BAS) - ✔✔people are motivated to approach
desirable outcomes
✔✔Behavioral Inhibition(Avoidance) System (BIS) - ✔✔people become motivated to
prevent/avoid undesirable outcomes
✔✔high arousal - ✔✔excitement
✔✔low arousal - ✔✔calm
✔✔negative valence - ✔✔unpleasant(sad)
✔✔positive valence - ✔✔pleasant(happy)
✔✔pituitary gland - ✔✔controls various bodily functions secretes hormones
✔✔hippocampus - ✔✔regulates emotions and memory (long-term)
✔✔theory of operant conditioning - ✔✔-B.F. Skinner
-a form of learning that occurs through the learned association of behavior to
punishment or reward (requires underlying motivation)
✔✔sociometer theory - ✔✔-Mark Leary
-proposes that self-esteem is a barometer of social belongingness such that indications
of social exclusion results in lowered self-esteem
, >belongingness: crucial motivation
>self-esteem: how positively/negatively our attitudes are to ourselves (specific
mechanism to detect belongingness)
✔✔James-Lange theory of emotion - ✔✔-holds that stimuli cause bodily changes (i.e.
increased arousal) which in turn causes emotional experiences
>emotion is product of physical changes in our bodies
-stimulus is presented->physical/bodily change
->emotion
✔✔Commonsense theory of emotion - ✔✔-holds that stimuli cause emotional
experiences, which in turn cause bodily changes (i.e. increases in arousal)
-stimulus->emotion->bodily change
✔✔Cannon-Bard theory of emotion - ✔✔-holds that stimuli cause bodily changes and
emotional experiences simultaneously
>emotions caused by the thalamus
-stimulus->emotion and bodily change simultaneously
✔✔Schacter-Singer theory of emotion - ✔✔-holds that stimuli cause bodily changes (i.e.
increases in arousal) and these changes are evaluated by the brain in context, the
bodily changes and the evaluation determine the strength and type of emotion
experienced
-stimulus->bodily changes->evaluation in context
->emotion
✔✔both biological and cultural in origin - ✔✔Gender differences in emotion are
almost entirely biological in origin
almost entirely cultural in origin
both biological and cultural in origin
✔✔poor by industrialized countries' standards and happy - ✔✔Research studying the
Maasi culture of Northern Tanzania shows that they are ?
poor by industrialized countries' standards
happy
violent
✔✔it was not parsimonious and it could not explain highly cortex behaviors like voting -
✔✔One of the problems with instinct theory was that ?
it could not explain why infants seemed to be born with certain abilities
it was not parsimonious
it could not explain highly cortex behaviors like voting
