TEST BANK FOR A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 13TH EDITION BY PATRICK J. HURLEY, LORI WATSON

TEST BANK 79




TEST BANK FOR A CONCISE INTROD
79 79 79 79 79


UCTION TO LOGIC 13TH EDITION
79 79 79 79


BY PATRICK J. HURLEY, LORI WATSON
79 79 79 79 79

,Chapter79179Test79A


MULTIPLE79CHOICE

INSTRUCTIONS:79The79following79selections79relate79to79distinguishing79arguments79from79nonargu
ments79and79identifying79conclusions.79Select79the79best79answer79for79each.

1. There79appears79to79be79a79growing79happiness79gap79between79men79and79women.79Women79today7
9are79working79more79and79relaxing79less,79while79men79are79working79less79and79relaxing79more.79
Forty79years79ago79a79typical79woman79spent794079minutes79more79per79week79than79the79typical79m
an79performing79an79activity79considered79unpleasant.79Today,79with79men79working79less,79the79ga
p79is799079minutes79and79growing.
a. Argument;79conclusion:79Today79...79the79gap79is799079minutes79and79growing
.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;79conclusion:79Forty79years79ago79...79an79activity79considered79unp
leasant.
d. Argument;79conclusion:79There79appears79to79be79...79between79men79and79wo
men.
e. Argument;79conclusion:79Women79today79are79working79more79and79relaxing7
9less.

ANS:7 9 D PTS:7 9 7 9 2

2. Lead79is79toxic,79but79do79you79know79why?79Lead79is79toxic79mainly79because79it79preferentially79repl
aces79other79metals79in79biochemical79reactions.79In79so79doing79it79interferes79with79the79proteins79that
79regulate79blood79pressure79(which79can79cause79development79delays79in79children79and79high79blood
79pressure79in79adults),79heme79production79(which79can79lead79to79anemia),79and79sperm79production.7
9Lead79also79displaces79calcium79in79the79reactions79that79transmit79electrical79impulses79in79the79brain
,79which79diminishes79the79ability79to79think79and79recall79information.
Anne79Marie79Helmstine,79"Your79Guide79to79Chemistry
"
a. Argument;79conclusion:79It79interferes79with79the79proteins79...79and79sperm79production.
b. Argument;79conclusion:79Lead79is79toxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;79conclusion:79It79preferentially79replaces79other79metals79in79biochemical79re
actions.
e. Argument;79conclusion:79Lead79also79displaces79calcium79...79recall79information.
ANS:7 9 C PTS:7 9 7 9 2

3. Aristotle79focused79on79clarifying79the79concept79of79virtue79itself.79He79argued79that79it79was79virtuous7
9to79choose79the79proper79amount79of79emotion79and/or79action79called79for79in79a79particular79situation7
9and79that79extremes79of79emotion79and79action79were79vices.79In79all79communities79there79are79some79
men79of79practical79wisdom79who79have79the79capacity79to79judge79wisely.79Aristotle79argued79that79the
y79have79the79capacity79to79follow79the79"right79rule"79whatever79the79situation.
David79Cooper,79Value79Pluralism79and79Ethical79Choic
e
a. Argument;79conclusion:79In79all79communities79...79capacity79to79judge79wisely.
b. Argument;79conclusion:79Aristotle79focused79on79clarifying79the79concept79of79virtu
e79itself.
c. Argument;79conclusion:79They79have79the79capacity79to79follow79...79the79situation.
d. Argument;79conclusion:79He79argued79that79it79was79virtuous79...79were79vices
e. Nonargument.



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, ANS:7 9 E PTS:7 9 7 9 2

4. Illegal79immigrants79pay79local79sales79taxes,79and79many79of79them79also79pay79state,79local,79and79fede
ral79income79tax79and79Social79Security79tax.79They79also79purchase79items79from79local79merchants,79i
ncreasing79the79amount79these79merchants79pay79in79taxes.79In79addition,79they79work79for79low79salarie
s,79which79increases79the79earnings79of79their79employers79and79the79amount79of79taxes79these79employe
rs79pay.79Thus,79it79is79not79correct79to79say79that79illegal79immigrants79contribute79nothing79to79the79co
mmunities79in79which79they79live.
a. Argument;79conclusion:79It79is79not79correct79to79say79...79communities79in79which
79they79live.
b. Argument;79conclusion:79They79work79for79low79salaries79...79these79employ
ers79pay.
c. Argument;79conclusion:79Illegal79immigrants79pay79...79Social79Security79tax
.
d. Argument;79conclusion:79They79also79purchase79items79...79pay79in79taxes.
e. Nonargument.

ANS:7 9 A PTS:7 9 7 9 2

5. Numerous79studies79have79indicated79that79women79of79color,79black79women79in79particular,79are79ov
er-arrested,79over-indicted,79and79over-sentenced.79African-
American79women79are79seven79times79more79likely79to79be79arrested79for79prostitution79than79women7
9of79other79ethnic79groups.79Black79women79have79received79significantly79longer79sentences79for79cri
mes79against79property79and79served79longer79periods79in79prison.79For79both79murder79and79drug79offe
nses,79Euroamerican79women79ended79up79serving79one-
third79less79time79for79the79same79offenses79than79black79women.
Nancy79Kurshan,79"Women79and79Imprisonment79in79the79U.
S."
a. Argument;79conclusion:79African-American79women79...79other79ethnic79groups.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;79conclusion:79For79both79murder79and79drug79offenses79...79black79wo
men.
d. Argument;79conclusion:79Numerous79studies79have79indicated79...79over-
sentenced.
e. Argument;79conclusion:79Black79women79have79received79...79longer79periods79in
79prison.

ANS:7 9 B PTS:7 9 7 9 2

6. It's79even79more79important79these79days79that79your79computer79be79protected79by79a79firewall.79There
79are79criminal79elements79lurking79in79the79shadows79of79cyberspace79who79send79out79probes79to79dete
ct79unprotected79PCs.79Once79a79vulnerable79computer79is79found,79these79criminals79install79software7
9that79assists79them79in79committing79identity79theft79and79fencing79stolen79IDs.79They79also79defraud79
online79advertisers79by79using79these79zombie79computers79to79visit79pay-per-click79ads.
a. Argument;79conclusion:79There79are79criminal79elements79...79to79detect79unprotect
ed79PCs.
b. Argument;79conclusion:79Once79a79vulnerable79computer79...79fencing79stolen79IDs
.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;79conclusion:79They79also79defraud79...79to79visit79pay-per-click79ads.
e. Argument;79conclusion:79It's79even79more79important79...79protected79by79a79firewa
ll.
ANS:7 9 E PTS:7 9 7 9 2

7. The79earth79is79of79interest79to79astronomy79for79many79reasons.79Nearly79all79observations79must79be79




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, made79through79the79atmosphere,79and79the79phenomena79of79the79upper79atmosphere79and79the79magnet
osphere79reflect79the79state79of79interplanetary79space.79The79earth79is79also79the79most79important79obje
ct79of79comparison79for79planetologists.
Hannu79Karttunen,79et79al.,79Fundamental79Astronom
y
a. Argument;79conclusion:79The79phenomena79...79state79of79interplanetary79sp
ace.
b. Argument;79conclusion:79The79earth79is79also79...79for79planetologists.
c. Argument;79conclusion:79The79earth79is79of79interest79to79astronomy.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument;79conclusion:79Nearly79all79observations79...79through79the79atmos
phere.
ANS:7 9 C PTS:7 9 7 9 2

8. If79the79trade79in79tiger79products79is79banned,79tiger79reserves79are79guarded79by79well79equipped79staff
,79communities79abutting79tiger79habitat79are79given79a79stake79in79protecting79tigers,79and79the79makers7
9of79traditional79medicines79can79be79persuaded79that79tiger79parts79are79not79needed,79then79tiger79poac
hing79will79be79halted,79habitat79and79life79sustaining79prey79will79be79restored,79and79the79immanent79e
xtinction79of79tigers79in79the79wild79will79be79averted.
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument;79conclusion:79The79trade79in79tiger79products79is79banned.
c. Argument;79conclusion:79Tiger79poaching79will79be79halted.
d. Argument;79conclusion:79The79makers79of79traditional79medicines79...79not79
needed.
e. Argument;79conclusion:79Tiger79poaching79will79be79halted79...79will79be7
9averted.


ANS:7 9 A PTS:7 9 7 9 2

9. Humans79are79biological79organisms.79To79understand79our79behavior79and79mental79processes,79we79
need79to79understand79their79biological79underpinnings,79starting79with79the79cellular79level,79the79neur
on.79How79we79feel,79learn,79remember,79and79think79all79stem79from79neuronal79activity.79So,79how79a
79neuron79works79and79how79neurons79communicate79are79crucial79pieces79of79information79in79solvin
g79the79puzzle79of79human79behavior79and79mental79processing.
Richard79Griggs,79Psychology:79A79Concise79Introductio
n
a. Argument;79conclusion:79To79understand79our79behavior79...79the79n
euron.
b. Argument;79conclusion:79Humans79are79biological79organisms.
c. Argument;79conclusion:79How79we79feel79...79neuronal79activity.
d. Argument;79conclusion:79How79a79neuron79works79...79mental79proc
essing.
e. Nonargument.
ANS:7 9 D PTS:7 9 7 9 2

10. Viruses79are79acellular79entities79too79small79to79be79seen79with79a79light79microscope.79They79are79co
mposed79of79a79nucleic79acid79and79a79few79proteins.79Viruses79replicate79themselves79and79display79ot
her79properties79of79living79organisms79only79when79they79have79invaded79living79cells.79Indeed,79som
e79viruses79can79be79crystallized79and79stored79in79a79container79on79a79shelf79for79years,79but79they79ret
ain79the79capacity79to79invade79cells79and79cause79disease.
Jacquelyn79C.79Black,79Microbiology:79Principles79and79Exploration
s
a. Argument;79conclusion:79They79are79composed79of79a79nucleic79acid79and79a79few7
9proteins.




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