EMT-ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
1.Anatomical Position: Standing, facing forward, palms out
2.Supine: lying face up on back
3.Prone: lying face down on stomach
4.Lateral Recumbent: lying on either left or right side
5.Fowler: seated, back elevated 45-60 degrees
6.Trendelenburg: lying on back with legs elevated higher than head
7.Anterior: toward the front
8.Posterior: toward the back
9.Superior: toward the head, above point of reference
10.Inferior: toward the feet, below point of reference
11.Dorsal: toward the spine, back
12.Ventral: toward the abdomen, front
13.Medial: toward the midline/center of the body
14.Lateral: left or right of midline...bilateral=on both sides
15.Distal: wrist is distal from elbow
16.proximal: elbow is proximal to shoulder
17.plantar: sole of foot, flexing plantar foot means pointing toe
18.palmer: palm of the hand
19.Abdominal Quadrants: RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ
20.Ligaments: bone to bone
21.Tendons: muscle to bone
22.Skeletal System: gives the body shape, protects the vital internal
1/
8
, organs, allows for movement, storing minerals and producing blood
cells
23.Skull: protects brain, includes cranium and face
24.Cranium: occipital, parietal, temporal, frontal
25.Face: brow to chin, 14 bones, 13 immovable
26.Orbits: eye sockets
27.Nasal Bones: bed of nose
28.Maxillae: fused bones of upper jaw
29.Zygomatic Bones: cheekbones
30.Mandible: lower jaw, moves freely on hinge (chewing)
31.Spinal Column/Vertebral Column: principle support system of body,
every- thing is directly or indirectly attached to spine, 33 vertebrae
32.Vertebrae: irregularly shaped bones, bound by ligaments, if any are
crushed or displaced, spinal chord may be severed
33.Cervical Spine: C1-C7, first 7 vertebrae, we can feel C7, most prone to
injury
34.Thoracic Spine: T1-T12, posterior to cervical spine region
35.Lumbar Spine: L1-L5, posterior to thoracic spine region, least
mobile of the vertebrae
36.Sacral Spine: S1-S5, posterior to lumbar spine region, fused
together to form rigid part of posterior side of pelvis
37.Coccyx Spine: tailbone, last 4 vertebrae
38.Thorax: chest: ribs, sternum, thoracic spine
39.Sternum: breastbone, flat narrow bone in the middle of anterior chest
40.Ribs: 24 ribs, 12 pairs attached posteriorly by ligaments to the
2/
8
1.Anatomical Position: Standing, facing forward, palms out
2.Supine: lying face up on back
3.Prone: lying face down on stomach
4.Lateral Recumbent: lying on either left or right side
5.Fowler: seated, back elevated 45-60 degrees
6.Trendelenburg: lying on back with legs elevated higher than head
7.Anterior: toward the front
8.Posterior: toward the back
9.Superior: toward the head, above point of reference
10.Inferior: toward the feet, below point of reference
11.Dorsal: toward the spine, back
12.Ventral: toward the abdomen, front
13.Medial: toward the midline/center of the body
14.Lateral: left or right of midline...bilateral=on both sides
15.Distal: wrist is distal from elbow
16.proximal: elbow is proximal to shoulder
17.plantar: sole of foot, flexing plantar foot means pointing toe
18.palmer: palm of the hand
19.Abdominal Quadrants: RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ
20.Ligaments: bone to bone
21.Tendons: muscle to bone
22.Skeletal System: gives the body shape, protects the vital internal
1/
8
, organs, allows for movement, storing minerals and producing blood
cells
23.Skull: protects brain, includes cranium and face
24.Cranium: occipital, parietal, temporal, frontal
25.Face: brow to chin, 14 bones, 13 immovable
26.Orbits: eye sockets
27.Nasal Bones: bed of nose
28.Maxillae: fused bones of upper jaw
29.Zygomatic Bones: cheekbones
30.Mandible: lower jaw, moves freely on hinge (chewing)
31.Spinal Column/Vertebral Column: principle support system of body,
every- thing is directly or indirectly attached to spine, 33 vertebrae
32.Vertebrae: irregularly shaped bones, bound by ligaments, if any are
crushed or displaced, spinal chord may be severed
33.Cervical Spine: C1-C7, first 7 vertebrae, we can feel C7, most prone to
injury
34.Thoracic Spine: T1-T12, posterior to cervical spine region
35.Lumbar Spine: L1-L5, posterior to thoracic spine region, least
mobile of the vertebrae
36.Sacral Spine: S1-S5, posterior to lumbar spine region, fused
together to form rigid part of posterior side of pelvis
37.Coccyx Spine: tailbone, last 4 vertebrae
38.Thorax: chest: ribs, sternum, thoracic spine
39.Sternum: breastbone, flat narrow bone in the middle of anterior chest
40.Ribs: 24 ribs, 12 pairs attached posteriorly by ligaments to the
2/
8
