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CULTURE, RELIGION, AND PREGNANCY There are cultural considerations that impact pregnant clients, from religious and family dynamics to guidelines around personal space and privacy. While it is not feasible for nurses to be fully immersed in every culture represented by their clients, it is a nurse’s duty to have a basic understanding of client needs and communicate with them effectively and in a way that makes them feel comfortable. A Cuban couple is excited about the upcoming birth of th...

ETHICS, LEGAL, AND PREGNANCY Some pregnancies are accompanied by additional ethical and legal issues for the mom, baby, or even both. Women may have other health issues, be involved in an abusive relationship, or be victims of human trafficking. Nurses play a key role in the assessment and treatment of these clients. To find solutions, nurses and other healthcare personnel should apply ethical theories and principles to determine the burdens and benefits of any course of action. A client, ...

HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREGNANCY The nurse plays a key role in the prevention of pregnancy and childbirth-related complications through the delivery of quality health care preconception (before pregnancy), prenatally (during pregnancy), and interconception (between pregnancies). For many women, family planning and sexual health services are the only medical care they receive. This presents many preconceptionrelated health promotion opportunities, risk identification opportunities, and risk red...

SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH Pre-pregnancy health behaviors and health status are influenced by a variety of environmental and social factors, such as access to medical care and chronic stress. Some of these factors can affect and compound others, creating a vicious cycle. For instance, factors ranging from age to medical insurance coverage affect a woman’s general health status. A woman’s health status directly influences her risk of pregnancy complications and her child’s cognitive...

INTRODUCTION TO MATERNAL CHILD NURSING Maternity care has changed over the years to increase the emphasis on safety and quality of care. Many expectant mothers have other health concerns such as obesity, high blood pressure, and even substance abuse. Their socioeconomic status can have an impact on their pregnancy, along with their cultural preferences. Abuse and human trafficking may be other risks that these women face during this period of their lives. When planning maternal childcare f...

EDAPT DIABETES AND PREGNANCY Diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) or diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) that are diagnosed before pregnancy are known as pregestational diabetes mellitus or pre-existing diabetes mellitus. Gestational diabetes mellitus refers to diabetes that is diagnosed during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. Diabetes diagnosed in the first trimester should be considered pregestational diabetes mellitus as women may have undiagnosed DM2 prior to pregnancy. What is the dif...

EDAPT - HYPERTENSION AND PREGNANCY Women who have chronic hypertension prior to pregnancy will experience a worsening of the condition and an increased likelihood of developing preeclampsia in pregnancy. Gestational hypertension (GH) is brought on by pregnancy and develops after 20 weeks gestation without the presence of protein in the urine. Deep tendon reflexes become increasingly hyperactive as preeclampsia progresses and are an indicator of impending risk for seizures. A nurse is carin...

EDAPT INFECTIONS AND PREGNANCY How is toxoplasmosis transmitted? Select all that apply. Toxoplasmosis is transmitted by eating raw, contaminated meats or coming in contact with the feces of infected cats. When the mother has an infection in pregnancy, it will sometimes spread to the fetus and will sometimes cause critical complications even if the mother is only mildly ill. Some infections do not spread to the fetus (tuberculosis, for example) but the well-being of the fetus may still be ...

EDAPT NURSING CARE HIGH RISK MOTHER Numerous maternal and fetal adaptations must occur in an orderly sequence for the childbearing process to be considered normal. If physiologic or emotional problems develop, complications can arise, threatening the well-being of the mother and/or the developing fetus. Infant mortality rate in the United States is surprisingly high, mostly associated with prematurity, birth defects, maternal complications, sudden infant death syndrome, and birth-related in...

EDAPT FETAL ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING The primary purpose of fetal assessment during labor is to assess the oxygenation status of the fetus. Fetal assessment during the labor process is largely the responsibility of the registered nurse, who must be competent in interpreting data, implementing corrective actions to improve fetal oxygenation, accurately communicating findings with healthcare providers, and assisting in making clinical decisions to ensure the safety and quality of care. Alth...