This essay offers an in-depth analysis of J.M. Coetzee’s ‘Age of Iron,’ a poignant narrative set against the waning days of apartheid South Africa. It explores the novel’s rich tapestry of characters, each symbolizing different facets of a society grappling with a deeply entrenched system of racial segregation. Through a detailed examination of Mrs. Curren’s symbolic representation of complicit white citizenry, Vercueil’s role as an agent of change, and Bheki’s embodiment of youthf...

Historically cities can be distinguished from other settlements by their larger population size, their economic activities and that people were not overly involved in agricultural production.These early cities were centres of political, economic and social power.The primary engine of growth for cities have historically been economic (agrarian, merchant, capitalist, industrial, etc.). Early cities were important sites for political change and centralised power. Early cities were also ...

Understand the idea of a social contract and the difference between a Western and African approach to it, investigate why we have ‘laws’ and what the law is, understand the South African legitimacy crisis, understand the relationship between law and morality, how law as a normative system is distinguishable from other normative systems in context of the change in the South African legal order, investigate the link and meaning between law and justice and understand the fallacy of legal certai...

Detailed descriptions of understanding the idea of a social contract and the difference between a Western and African approach to it, Investigating why we have ‘laws’ and what the law is, understand the South African legitimacy crisis, understand the relationship between law and morality, how law as a normative system is distinguishable from other normative systems in context of the change in the South African legal order, Investigate the link and meaning between law and justice and understa...