WGU D312 Objective Assessment /WGU D312
Anatomy And Physiology OA Final Actual Exam
Newest 2026-2027 Actual Exam With Complete 250
Questions And Correct Detailed Answers (Verified
Answers) |Already Graded A+
What is the primary function of the cell membrane in regulating the
concentration of substances inside the cell? - ANSWER-The cell
membrane regulates the concentration of ions, nutrients, and waste
products inside the cell.
What is passive transport? - ANSWER-The movement of substances
across the cell membrane without the expenditure of cellular energy.
What is active transport? - ANSWER-The movement of substances
across the cell membrane using energy from adenosine triphosphate
(ATP)
What is diffusion? - ANSWER-The movement of particles from an area
of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
EX: The scent of perfume spreading in a closed room or sugar
dissolving in a cup of tea.
pg. 1
,How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion? - ANSWER-Higher
temperatures increase the rate of diffusion as molecules move faster.
Why do oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) use passive transport to
move across the cell membrane? - ANSWER-Because they can easily
diffuse through the lipid bilayer due to their concentration gradients and
do not require energy.
Why can't large polar or ionic molecules easily cross the phospholipid
bilayer? - ANSWER-Because they are hydrophilic and are repelled by
the nonpolar tails in the interior of the phospholipid bilayer.
What is facilitated diffusion? - ANSWER-The diffusion process used for
substances that cannot cross the lipid bilayer due to their size, charge,
and/or polarity.
How does glucose enter the cell if it cannot cross the lipid bilayer via
simple diffusion? - ANSWER-Through a specialized carrier protein
called the glucose transporter, which facilitates its inward diffusion.
What is osmosis? - ANSWER-The diffusion of water through a
semipermeable membrane.
What happens to cells in a hypertonic solution? - ANSWER-Cells will
shrivel as water leaves the cell via osmosis.
pg. 2
,Why is it important for cells to be in an isotonic environment? -
ANSWER-To ensure the concentration of water molecules is the same
outside and inside the cells, maintaining their normal shape and
function.
What is the main difference between diffusion and filtration in passive
transport? - ANSWER-Diffusion moves substances from an area of
higher concentration to lower concentration, while filtration uses a
hydrostatic pressure gradient to move fluid and solutes from a higher
pressure area to a lower pressure area.
How does the circulatory system use filtration? - ANSWER-The
circulatory system uses filtration to move plasma and substances across
the endothelial lining of capillaries into surrounding tissues, supplying
cells with nutrients.
What is the role of ATP in active transport? - ANSWER-ATP is required
to move substances across a membrane, often with the help of protein
carriers, and usually against their concentration gradient.
Describe the function of the sodium-potassium pump. - ANSWER-The
sodium-potassium pump transports sodium out of the cell and potassium
into the cell, maintaining an electrical gradient across the cell
membrane. It moves three sodium ions out and two potassium ions in for
each ATP molecule used.
pg. 3
, What are the tiny passageways that allow the passage of proteins, RNA,
and solutes between the nucleus and the cytoplasm? - ANSWER-
Nuclear pores
What is the region of the nucleus responsible for manufacturing the
RNA necessary for the construction of ribosomes? - ANSWER-
Nucleolus
What is a single, wrapped DNA-histone complex called? - ANSWER-
Nucleosome
What is the condensed form of chromatin that is composed of DNA and
proteins? - ANSWER-Chromosome
What is the term for the full complement of proteins in a cell? -
ANSWER-Proteome
What is a functional segment of DNA that provides the genetic
information necessary to build a protein? - ANSWER-Gene
What process transforms the information coded in a gene to a final gene
product, ultimately dictating the structure and function of a cell? -
ANSWER-Gene expression
pg. 4
Anatomy And Physiology OA Final Actual Exam
Newest 2026-2027 Actual Exam With Complete 250
Questions And Correct Detailed Answers (Verified
Answers) |Already Graded A+
What is the primary function of the cell membrane in regulating the
concentration of substances inside the cell? - ANSWER-The cell
membrane regulates the concentration of ions, nutrients, and waste
products inside the cell.
What is passive transport? - ANSWER-The movement of substances
across the cell membrane without the expenditure of cellular energy.
What is active transport? - ANSWER-The movement of substances
across the cell membrane using energy from adenosine triphosphate
(ATP)
What is diffusion? - ANSWER-The movement of particles from an area
of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
EX: The scent of perfume spreading in a closed room or sugar
dissolving in a cup of tea.
pg. 1
,How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion? - ANSWER-Higher
temperatures increase the rate of diffusion as molecules move faster.
Why do oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) use passive transport to
move across the cell membrane? - ANSWER-Because they can easily
diffuse through the lipid bilayer due to their concentration gradients and
do not require energy.
Why can't large polar or ionic molecules easily cross the phospholipid
bilayer? - ANSWER-Because they are hydrophilic and are repelled by
the nonpolar tails in the interior of the phospholipid bilayer.
What is facilitated diffusion? - ANSWER-The diffusion process used for
substances that cannot cross the lipid bilayer due to their size, charge,
and/or polarity.
How does glucose enter the cell if it cannot cross the lipid bilayer via
simple diffusion? - ANSWER-Through a specialized carrier protein
called the glucose transporter, which facilitates its inward diffusion.
What is osmosis? - ANSWER-The diffusion of water through a
semipermeable membrane.
What happens to cells in a hypertonic solution? - ANSWER-Cells will
shrivel as water leaves the cell via osmosis.
pg. 2
,Why is it important for cells to be in an isotonic environment? -
ANSWER-To ensure the concentration of water molecules is the same
outside and inside the cells, maintaining their normal shape and
function.
What is the main difference between diffusion and filtration in passive
transport? - ANSWER-Diffusion moves substances from an area of
higher concentration to lower concentration, while filtration uses a
hydrostatic pressure gradient to move fluid and solutes from a higher
pressure area to a lower pressure area.
How does the circulatory system use filtration? - ANSWER-The
circulatory system uses filtration to move plasma and substances across
the endothelial lining of capillaries into surrounding tissues, supplying
cells with nutrients.
What is the role of ATP in active transport? - ANSWER-ATP is required
to move substances across a membrane, often with the help of protein
carriers, and usually against their concentration gradient.
Describe the function of the sodium-potassium pump. - ANSWER-The
sodium-potassium pump transports sodium out of the cell and potassium
into the cell, maintaining an electrical gradient across the cell
membrane. It moves three sodium ions out and two potassium ions in for
each ATP molecule used.
pg. 3
, What are the tiny passageways that allow the passage of proteins, RNA,
and solutes between the nucleus and the cytoplasm? - ANSWER-
Nuclear pores
What is the region of the nucleus responsible for manufacturing the
RNA necessary for the construction of ribosomes? - ANSWER-
Nucleolus
What is a single, wrapped DNA-histone complex called? - ANSWER-
Nucleosome
What is the condensed form of chromatin that is composed of DNA and
proteins? - ANSWER-Chromosome
What is the term for the full complement of proteins in a cell? -
ANSWER-Proteome
What is a functional segment of DNA that provides the genetic
information necessary to build a protein? - ANSWER-Gene
What process transforms the information coded in a gene to a final gene
product, ultimately dictating the structure and function of a cell? -
ANSWER-Gene expression
pg. 4
