Cardiovascular Drug MOAs – 30+ Verified Mechanisms for Diuretics, Anticoagulants, Statins – Pharm 2025 –

This pharmacology quick-reference guide outlines 30+ expert-verified mechanisms of action (MOAs) for high-yield cardiovascular medications, perfectly structured for Pharm 2025 exam preparation. Presented in a clear, flashcard-style Q&A format, it condenses key drug actions across diuretics, antihypertensives, anticoagulants, and lipid-lowering agents. Core drug categories include: Diuretics: CA inhibitors: inhibit HCO₃⁻ reabsorption in the proximal tubule Osmotic agents: increase tubular fluid osmolality in the PCT Loop diuretics: inhibit Na⁺/K⁺/2Cl⁻ transport in the ascending limb Thiazides: block Na⁺/Cl⁻ reabsorption in the distal tubule K⁺-sparing diuretics: block aldosterone or ENaC in the collecting duct Antihypertensives: Beta blockers: inhibit B1 receptors at the SA node → ↓HR, ↓contractility ACE inhibitors: block angiotensin I to II conversion; cause dry cough ARBs: block ANGII receptors; no cough Renin inhibitors, alpha blockers, central alpha-2 agonists, vasodilators, sodium nitroprusside, and reserpine – all with their distinct vasculature or CNS effects Anticoagulants & Antiplatelets: Vitamin K antagonists: inhibit factors II, VII, IX, X Direct & indirect Xa inhibitors, UFH/LMWH, and direct thrombin inhibitors COX inhibitors (aspirin), ADP inhibitors (clopidogrel), GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors Thrombolytics: convert plasminogen to plasmin for fibrinolysis Lipid-lowering agents: Statins: inhibit HMG-CoA reductase Bile acid resins, cholesterol absorption inhibitors (NPC1L1) Niacin: inhibits lipolysis via Gi-coupled GPCR Fibrates: activate PPAR-α Omega-3 fatty acids: reduce hepatic triglyceride synthesis Perfect for: Medical, pharmacy, and nursing students in cardiovascular pharmacology modules USMLE Step 1, NAPLEX, NCLEX, or end-of-semester pharmacology exams Flashcard-based memorization and board review Keywords: pharmacology MOAs, cardiovascular drugs, diuretic mechanisms, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, renin inhibitors, anticoagulants, thrombolytics, aspirin, statins, bile acid resins, fibrates, omega-3, niacin, GPCR, PPAR, Pharm 2025, HMG-CoA reductase