Clinical Medicine – EKG & Cardiac Pharmacology Q&A (40+ Questions) | 2025 | MI Leads, Antiarrhythmics, Cardiac Cycle

This targeted exam resource includes 40+ high-yield questions and verified answers on electrocardiogram (EKG) interpretation, cardiac electrophysiology, and antiarrhythmic drug classes, aligned with the 2025/2026 Clinical Medicine curriculum. It starts with EKG-phase correlations (e.g., Phase 0–3 with R, S, ST, and T waves) and transitions into pharmacologic treatments for arrhythmias, including all four Vaughan Williams antiarrhythmic classes (I–IV). Each drug class is explained in terms of mechanism, clinical application, and action potential effects, along with adenosine, cardiac glycosides, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, and vasodilators. The document also provides crucial associations between coronary arteries and MI locations (e.g., LAD = anterior MI, RCA = inferior/posterior MI, LCX = lateral MI), and includes key pharmacologic facts like long vs. short-term anticoagulants and ACE inhibitor side effects. This guide is ideal for medical students, nursing students, PA programs, and others preparing for cardiology exams, pharmacology review, EKG labs, or clinical rotations in internal medicine or emergency medicine. Keywords: EKG interpretation, antiarrhythmic drugs, Class I-IV, cardiac electrophysiology, adenosine, cardiac glycosides, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, vasodilators, myocardial infarction, MI lead localization, LAD, RCA, LCX, atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, Coumadin, Heparin, ACE inhibitors, PR interval