AC- HPAT ALGONQUIN COLLEGE TEST PREP BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2025 UPDATE
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED
A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS!!
Question 1
Which transport mechanism involves the movement of molecules across a cell membrane
from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring cellular
energy?
A) Facilitated diffusion
B) Passive transport
C) Osmosis
D) Active transport
E) Filtration
Correct Answer: D) Active transport
Rationale: Active transport is defined as the movement of molecules against the concentration
gradient (from low to high). Because this opposes the natural flow of matter, it requires an input
of cellular energy (usually ATP). Passive transport, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion move
substances with the gradient (high to low) and do not require energy.
Question 2
The "powerhouse" of the cell, responsible for the production of ATP through cellular
respiration, is the:
A) Nucleus
B) Ribosome
C) Mitochondria
D) Golgi apparatus
E) Vacuole
Correct Answer: C) Mitochondria
Rationale: The Mitochondria are the organelles where cellular respiration occurs, generating
the majority of the cell's adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Ribosomes make proteins, the Golgi
packages them, and vacuoles store materials.
Question 3
A chemical bond formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons between atoms is known as
a(n):
A) Ionic bond
B) Covalent bond
C) Hydrogen bond
D) Allosteric bond
E) Metallic bond
Correct Answer: B) Covalent bond
Rationale: A Covalent bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms to achieve a
, 2
stable electron configuration. Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons, resulting in
electrostatic attraction between ions.
Question 4
Which organelle contains digestive enzymes used to break down waste materials and
cellular debris?
A) Lysosome
B) Ribosome
C) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
D) Chloroplast
E) Nucleolus
Correct Answer: A) Lysosome
Rationale: Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing acidic digestive enzymes.
They digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.
Question 5
The process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane is
called:
A) Exocytosis
B) Endocytosis
C) Facilitated diffusion
D) Hydrolysis
E) Neutralization
Correct Answer: B) Endocytosis
Rationale: Endocytosis is the active transport process where the cell membrane engulfs external
material to bring it into the cell. Exocytosis is the reverse process (expelling material).
Question 6
Lipids are synthesized and toxic substances are broken down in which organelle?
A) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
B) Ribosome
C) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
D) Golgi apparatus
E) Mitochondria
Correct Answer: C) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rationale: The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) lacks ribosomes (making it "smooth")
and is the site of lipid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and the detoxification of drugs and
poisons. The Rough ER transports proteins.
, 3
Question 7
What type of reaction involves the chemical breakdown of a compound due to a reaction
with water?
A) Condensation
B) Hydrolysis
C) Oxidation
D) Reduction
E) Neutralization
Correct Answer: B) Hydrolysis
Rationale: Hydrolysis (hydro = water, lysis = break) is a chemical reaction where water is used
to break down the bonds of a particular substance. It is the opposite of a condensation
(dehydration) reaction.
Question 8
Ribosomes are primarily responsible for:
A) Lipid synthesis
B) ATP production
C) Protein synthesis
D) DNA replication
E) Waste storage
Correct Answer: C) Protein synthesis
Rationale: Ribosomes are cellular particles made of RNA and protein that serve as the site
for protein synthesis (translation of mRNA into amino acid chains).
Question 9
Which functional group consists of one atom of hydrogen and one of oxygen (OH) and is
neutral or negatively charged?
A) Carbonyl
B) Phosphate
C) Amino
D) Hydroxyl
E) Methyl
Correct Answer: D) Hydroxyl
Rationale: The Hydroxyl group is characterized by the -OH structure. It is polar and found in
alcohols and carbohydrates. Phosphate is PO₄, Amino is NH₂, and Carbonyl is C=O.
Question 10
Movement of molecules from high to low concentration that requires NO energy is defined
as:
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED
A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS!!
Question 1
Which transport mechanism involves the movement of molecules across a cell membrane
from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring cellular
energy?
A) Facilitated diffusion
B) Passive transport
C) Osmosis
D) Active transport
E) Filtration
Correct Answer: D) Active transport
Rationale: Active transport is defined as the movement of molecules against the concentration
gradient (from low to high). Because this opposes the natural flow of matter, it requires an input
of cellular energy (usually ATP). Passive transport, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion move
substances with the gradient (high to low) and do not require energy.
Question 2
The "powerhouse" of the cell, responsible for the production of ATP through cellular
respiration, is the:
A) Nucleus
B) Ribosome
C) Mitochondria
D) Golgi apparatus
E) Vacuole
Correct Answer: C) Mitochondria
Rationale: The Mitochondria are the organelles where cellular respiration occurs, generating
the majority of the cell's adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Ribosomes make proteins, the Golgi
packages them, and vacuoles store materials.
Question 3
A chemical bond formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons between atoms is known as
a(n):
A) Ionic bond
B) Covalent bond
C) Hydrogen bond
D) Allosteric bond
E) Metallic bond
Correct Answer: B) Covalent bond
Rationale: A Covalent bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms to achieve a
, 2
stable electron configuration. Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons, resulting in
electrostatic attraction between ions.
Question 4
Which organelle contains digestive enzymes used to break down waste materials and
cellular debris?
A) Lysosome
B) Ribosome
C) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
D) Chloroplast
E) Nucleolus
Correct Answer: A) Lysosome
Rationale: Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing acidic digestive enzymes.
They digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.
Question 5
The process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane is
called:
A) Exocytosis
B) Endocytosis
C) Facilitated diffusion
D) Hydrolysis
E) Neutralization
Correct Answer: B) Endocytosis
Rationale: Endocytosis is the active transport process where the cell membrane engulfs external
material to bring it into the cell. Exocytosis is the reverse process (expelling material).
Question 6
Lipids are synthesized and toxic substances are broken down in which organelle?
A) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
B) Ribosome
C) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
D) Golgi apparatus
E) Mitochondria
Correct Answer: C) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rationale: The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) lacks ribosomes (making it "smooth")
and is the site of lipid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and the detoxification of drugs and
poisons. The Rough ER transports proteins.
, 3
Question 7
What type of reaction involves the chemical breakdown of a compound due to a reaction
with water?
A) Condensation
B) Hydrolysis
C) Oxidation
D) Reduction
E) Neutralization
Correct Answer: B) Hydrolysis
Rationale: Hydrolysis (hydro = water, lysis = break) is a chemical reaction where water is used
to break down the bonds of a particular substance. It is the opposite of a condensation
(dehydration) reaction.
Question 8
Ribosomes are primarily responsible for:
A) Lipid synthesis
B) ATP production
C) Protein synthesis
D) DNA replication
E) Waste storage
Correct Answer: C) Protein synthesis
Rationale: Ribosomes are cellular particles made of RNA and protein that serve as the site
for protein synthesis (translation of mRNA into amino acid chains).
Question 9
Which functional group consists of one atom of hydrogen and one of oxygen (OH) and is
neutral or negatively charged?
A) Carbonyl
B) Phosphate
C) Amino
D) Hydroxyl
E) Methyl
Correct Answer: D) Hydroxyl
Rationale: The Hydroxyl group is characterized by the -OH structure. It is polar and found in
alcohols and carbohydrates. Phosphate is PO₄, Amino is NH₂, and Carbonyl is C=O.
Question 10
Movement of molecules from high to low concentration that requires NO energy is defined
as:
