APHON Overview Exam Newest 2025/2026
Complete Questions and Correct Detailed
Answers Already Graded A+|Assured Success
hematopoietic growth factors - CORRECT ANSWER-regulate different levels of
hematopoietic cascade. aka colony stimulating factors. primarily used for
symptom management & expedited recovery from chemo-induced bone marrow
suppression
Colony Stimulating Factors - CORRECT ANSWER-ptns that support
hematopoiesis. decrease myelosuppression, accelerate recovery from bmt, tx
infections/parasitic diseases, help w/ pancytopenia
biotherapy - CORRECT ANSWER-modality of tx: agents that resemble body's
own defense and surveillance systems. can augment/modulate/restore host's
immune response, direct antitumor activity, other biological effects. side effects
typically hypersensitivity rx
,immune surveillance - CORRECT ANSWER-tumor cells express abnormal tumor
antigens on surface that can be recognized/destroyed by immune system
natural killer cells - CORRECT ANSWER-lymphocyte that recognizes/kills
malignant cells
cytotoxic t cells - CORRECT ANSWER-recognize tumor-assosiated antigens and
kills cells
interferons - CORRECT ANSWER-multiple moa's & produced w/ recombinant
dna.
protein capable of protecting other cells from viral infections by interfering w/
viral replication.
family of glycoproteins include: antiviral, antiproliferative, potent
immunomodulatory effects
cytokines - CORRECT ANSWER-products of immune cells to enhance cytotoxic
activity of cells and increase immune response
,alpha-interferon - CORRECT ANSWER-leukocyte-derived. tx: hairy cell
leukemia, melanoma, chronic myeloid leukemia, follicular lymphoma, multiple
myeloma, cutaneous t-cell lymphoma
beta-interferon - CORRECT ANSWER-fibroblast-derived. tx MS
gamma-interferon - CORRECT ANSWER-t-lymphocyte derived. tx chronic
granulomatus disease
interleukin-2 - CORRECT ANSWER-produced by t-helper cells & stimulate
growth/maturation of t-cell subsets, cytotoxic t-cells, production of lymphokines
& cytokines.
act as chemical signals b/w wbc's (revs up immune system)
retinoids - CORRECT ANSWER-immunomodulators that facilitate
differentiation & suppress proliferation of cancer cells
all-trans retinoic acid (atra) - CORRECT ANSWER-tx: aml, aml m3 subtype, apl
increase maturation of promyelocytic blasts and rapid resolution of coagulopathy
r/t tx.
, isotretinoin (accutane) - CORRECT ANSWER-retinoid tx neuroblastoma.
have antitumor activity unknown moa. TERATOGENIC. male/female pt must
register iPledge (fetal exposure). can also affect hearing & vision
antibodies - CORRECT ANSWER-proteins produced by b-lymphocytes. part of
humoral immunity of adaptive system. includes immunoglobulins (igG, igA, igM,
igE, igD)
murine - CORRECT ANSWER-mouse-derived MoAbs. pt develops human
antimouse antibodies creating high risk of hypersensitivity rx
end in -momab
Monoclonal antibodies - CORRECT ANSWER-very specific. directed against
single antigenic determinant on cell surface causing antibody-dependent cellular
toxicity, direct cell death, elimination of antigen/target cell that expresses the
antigen
low toxicity
-ximab - CORRECT ANSWER-moab combo of human & mouse antibodies
Complete Questions and Correct Detailed
Answers Already Graded A+|Assured Success
hematopoietic growth factors - CORRECT ANSWER-regulate different levels of
hematopoietic cascade. aka colony stimulating factors. primarily used for
symptom management & expedited recovery from chemo-induced bone marrow
suppression
Colony Stimulating Factors - CORRECT ANSWER-ptns that support
hematopoiesis. decrease myelosuppression, accelerate recovery from bmt, tx
infections/parasitic diseases, help w/ pancytopenia
biotherapy - CORRECT ANSWER-modality of tx: agents that resemble body's
own defense and surveillance systems. can augment/modulate/restore host's
immune response, direct antitumor activity, other biological effects. side effects
typically hypersensitivity rx
,immune surveillance - CORRECT ANSWER-tumor cells express abnormal tumor
antigens on surface that can be recognized/destroyed by immune system
natural killer cells - CORRECT ANSWER-lymphocyte that recognizes/kills
malignant cells
cytotoxic t cells - CORRECT ANSWER-recognize tumor-assosiated antigens and
kills cells
interferons - CORRECT ANSWER-multiple moa's & produced w/ recombinant
dna.
protein capable of protecting other cells from viral infections by interfering w/
viral replication.
family of glycoproteins include: antiviral, antiproliferative, potent
immunomodulatory effects
cytokines - CORRECT ANSWER-products of immune cells to enhance cytotoxic
activity of cells and increase immune response
,alpha-interferon - CORRECT ANSWER-leukocyte-derived. tx: hairy cell
leukemia, melanoma, chronic myeloid leukemia, follicular lymphoma, multiple
myeloma, cutaneous t-cell lymphoma
beta-interferon - CORRECT ANSWER-fibroblast-derived. tx MS
gamma-interferon - CORRECT ANSWER-t-lymphocyte derived. tx chronic
granulomatus disease
interleukin-2 - CORRECT ANSWER-produced by t-helper cells & stimulate
growth/maturation of t-cell subsets, cytotoxic t-cells, production of lymphokines
& cytokines.
act as chemical signals b/w wbc's (revs up immune system)
retinoids - CORRECT ANSWER-immunomodulators that facilitate
differentiation & suppress proliferation of cancer cells
all-trans retinoic acid (atra) - CORRECT ANSWER-tx: aml, aml m3 subtype, apl
increase maturation of promyelocytic blasts and rapid resolution of coagulopathy
r/t tx.
, isotretinoin (accutane) - CORRECT ANSWER-retinoid tx neuroblastoma.
have antitumor activity unknown moa. TERATOGENIC. male/female pt must
register iPledge (fetal exposure). can also affect hearing & vision
antibodies - CORRECT ANSWER-proteins produced by b-lymphocytes. part of
humoral immunity of adaptive system. includes immunoglobulins (igG, igA, igM,
igE, igD)
murine - CORRECT ANSWER-mouse-derived MoAbs. pt develops human
antimouse antibodies creating high risk of hypersensitivity rx
end in -momab
Monoclonal antibodies - CORRECT ANSWER-very specific. directed against
single antigenic determinant on cell surface causing antibody-dependent cellular
toxicity, direct cell death, elimination of antigen/target cell that expresses the
antigen
low toxicity
-ximab - CORRECT ANSWER-moab combo of human & mouse antibodies
