NUR 378 EXAM 3 PHARMACOLOGY
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY
LATEST STUDY GUIDE 2026 .
ALREADY GRADED A+ .
,1. cholinergic vs. adrenergic receptors ✔✔ correct answer Cholinergic Receptors (Activated by Acetylcholine)
-Nicotinicₙ
-Nicotinicₘ
-Muscarinic
Adrenergic (activated by epinephrine or norepinephrine)
-Alpha₁
-Alpha₂
-Beta₁
-Beta₂
2. Bethanechol Therapeutic Uses ✔✔ correct answer used for urinary retention
-to treat acute postoperative and postpartum nonobstructive (functional) urine retention;
-to treat neurogenic atony of bladder with retention.
3. Bethanechol (Urecholine) Class ✔✔ correct answer -Cholinergic agonist
-Muscarinic agonist
-Urinary tract stimulant
4. Bethanechol Mechanism of Action ✔✔ correct answer Binds reversibly to muscarinic cholinergic receptors to cause activation.
-Relieves urinary retention by activating muscarinic receptors of the urinary tract.
-Muscarinic activation relaxes the trigone and sphincter muscles and increases voiding pressure by contracting the detrusor muscles, which composes the bladder wall. The r
is bladder emptying.
5. Bethanechol Adverse Effects ✔✔ correct answer CV ✔✔ correct answer hypotension (secondary to vasodilation) & bradycardia
GI ✔✔ correct answer excessive salivation, increased secretion of gastric acid, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea.
Urinary tract ✔✔ correct answer can cause bladder rupture if increased pressure in the urinary tract.
Resp ✔✔ correct answer can cause bronchoconstriction (due to activation of muscarinic receptors in the lungs).
,6. Bethanechol Contraindications ✔✔ correct answer - low bp & low cardiac output
-gastric ulcers --> bc stimulation of acid secretion can intensify gastric erosion (peptic ulcer disease)
-intestinal obstruction/recent recovery from bowel surgery
-Urinary tract obstruction/bladder wall weakness.
-latent or active asthma
-Hyperthyroidism -> can cause dysrhythmia
7. Bethanechol client teaching ✔✔ correct answer Advise patient to take on an empty stomach one hour before or two hours after meals to reduce risk of
nausea and vomiting
8. Bethanechol Nursing Interventions ✔✔ correct answer Assess urine elimination prior to drug therapy. Monitor I & O
Monitor BP and HR
9. Atropine [Atropen] Class ✔✔ correct answer Anticholinergic, Anti-arrhythmic, antimuscarinic
10. Atropine Mechanism of Action ✔✔ correct answer Blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, exocrine
glands, SA and AV nodes, and the urinary bladder.
-In small doses, inhibits salivary and bronchial secretions and diaphoresis.
-In moderate doses, it increases impulse conduction through the AV node and increases heart rate.
-in large doses, it decreases G.I. and urinary tract motility and gastric acid secretions.
11. Atropine Therapeutic Uses ✔✔ correct answer -Preanesthetic medication to reduce secretions during surgery
-Disorders of the eyes (pupillary dilation, paralysis of ciliary muscles) --> during ocular surgery or eye exam.
-Bradycardia or to treat bradyasystolic cardiac arrest
, -To reverse adverse muscarinic anticholinesterase ettects
-As an antidote for organophosphorus or muscarinic mushroom poisoning.
-To treat known or suspected exposure to chemical nerve agent or insecticide
12. Atropine Adverse Effects ✔✔ correct answer Xerostomia (dry mouth)
Blurred Vision
Elevation of Intraocular Pressure Urinary
Retention
Constipation
Anhidrosis (a deficiency or absence of sweat) Tachycardia
Asthma
13. Atropine Contraindications ✔✔ correct answer Hypersensitivity to the drug
14. Atropine Nursing Interventions ✔✔ correct answer Monitor for dry mouth, blurred vision, photophobia, urinary retention and
constipation
Assess for symptoms toxic doses of atropine such as ✔✔ correct answer
-agitation
-confusion
-drowsiness
-excitement
These are likely to attect elderly patients even with low doses
15. Atropine Client Teaching ✔✔ correct answer Advise pt to notify prescriber if he has constipation, diflculty urinating, or persistent or severe
diarrhea.
Inform patient that this drug may inhibit sweating --> advise them to avoid excessive exercise or heat exposure, which can lead to heat injury.
16. Dopamine Class ✔✔ correct answer Adrenergic
Agonist Vasopressor
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY
LATEST STUDY GUIDE 2026 .
ALREADY GRADED A+ .
,1. cholinergic vs. adrenergic receptors ✔✔ correct answer Cholinergic Receptors (Activated by Acetylcholine)
-Nicotinicₙ
-Nicotinicₘ
-Muscarinic
Adrenergic (activated by epinephrine or norepinephrine)
-Alpha₁
-Alpha₂
-Beta₁
-Beta₂
2. Bethanechol Therapeutic Uses ✔✔ correct answer used for urinary retention
-to treat acute postoperative and postpartum nonobstructive (functional) urine retention;
-to treat neurogenic atony of bladder with retention.
3. Bethanechol (Urecholine) Class ✔✔ correct answer -Cholinergic agonist
-Muscarinic agonist
-Urinary tract stimulant
4. Bethanechol Mechanism of Action ✔✔ correct answer Binds reversibly to muscarinic cholinergic receptors to cause activation.
-Relieves urinary retention by activating muscarinic receptors of the urinary tract.
-Muscarinic activation relaxes the trigone and sphincter muscles and increases voiding pressure by contracting the detrusor muscles, which composes the bladder wall. The r
is bladder emptying.
5. Bethanechol Adverse Effects ✔✔ correct answer CV ✔✔ correct answer hypotension (secondary to vasodilation) & bradycardia
GI ✔✔ correct answer excessive salivation, increased secretion of gastric acid, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea.
Urinary tract ✔✔ correct answer can cause bladder rupture if increased pressure in the urinary tract.
Resp ✔✔ correct answer can cause bronchoconstriction (due to activation of muscarinic receptors in the lungs).
,6. Bethanechol Contraindications ✔✔ correct answer - low bp & low cardiac output
-gastric ulcers --> bc stimulation of acid secretion can intensify gastric erosion (peptic ulcer disease)
-intestinal obstruction/recent recovery from bowel surgery
-Urinary tract obstruction/bladder wall weakness.
-latent or active asthma
-Hyperthyroidism -> can cause dysrhythmia
7. Bethanechol client teaching ✔✔ correct answer Advise patient to take on an empty stomach one hour before or two hours after meals to reduce risk of
nausea and vomiting
8. Bethanechol Nursing Interventions ✔✔ correct answer Assess urine elimination prior to drug therapy. Monitor I & O
Monitor BP and HR
9. Atropine [Atropen] Class ✔✔ correct answer Anticholinergic, Anti-arrhythmic, antimuscarinic
10. Atropine Mechanism of Action ✔✔ correct answer Blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, exocrine
glands, SA and AV nodes, and the urinary bladder.
-In small doses, inhibits salivary and bronchial secretions and diaphoresis.
-In moderate doses, it increases impulse conduction through the AV node and increases heart rate.
-in large doses, it decreases G.I. and urinary tract motility and gastric acid secretions.
11. Atropine Therapeutic Uses ✔✔ correct answer -Preanesthetic medication to reduce secretions during surgery
-Disorders of the eyes (pupillary dilation, paralysis of ciliary muscles) --> during ocular surgery or eye exam.
-Bradycardia or to treat bradyasystolic cardiac arrest
, -To reverse adverse muscarinic anticholinesterase ettects
-As an antidote for organophosphorus or muscarinic mushroom poisoning.
-To treat known or suspected exposure to chemical nerve agent or insecticide
12. Atropine Adverse Effects ✔✔ correct answer Xerostomia (dry mouth)
Blurred Vision
Elevation of Intraocular Pressure Urinary
Retention
Constipation
Anhidrosis (a deficiency or absence of sweat) Tachycardia
Asthma
13. Atropine Contraindications ✔✔ correct answer Hypersensitivity to the drug
14. Atropine Nursing Interventions ✔✔ correct answer Monitor for dry mouth, blurred vision, photophobia, urinary retention and
constipation
Assess for symptoms toxic doses of atropine such as ✔✔ correct answer
-agitation
-confusion
-drowsiness
-excitement
These are likely to attect elderly patients even with low doses
15. Atropine Client Teaching ✔✔ correct answer Advise pt to notify prescriber if he has constipation, diflculty urinating, or persistent or severe
diarrhea.
Inform patient that this drug may inhibit sweating --> advise them to avoid excessive exercise or heat exposure, which can lead to heat injury.
16. Dopamine Class ✔✔ correct answer Adrenergic
Agonist Vasopressor
